Most abundant elements

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• Most abundant elements
• in the crust ( weight)
• Oxygen- 46.6
• Silicon- 27.7
• Aluminum- 8.1
• Iron- 5.0
• Calcium- 3.6
• Sodium- 2.8
• Potassium- 2.6
• Magnesium- 2.1
• all others- 1.5

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Pyroxene (above) and amphibole (below) crystal
structures, showing the chains of tetrahedra
(coming out of the screen), and the location of
cleavage plains.
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The beryl crystal structure, showing the
arrangement of silica tetrahedra and the
placement of the major positive ions (cations) in
the structure (Aluminum and Beryllium). Note, in
the upper figure, the rings of tetrahedra.this
mineral is known as a cyclosilicate.
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