Unnderstanding

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Unnderstanding Longitude Latitude
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Latitude and Longitude

• The earth is divided into lots of lines called
  latitude and longitude.

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Lines

• Longitude lines run north and south.
• Latitude lines run east and west.
• The lines measure distances in degrees.

Latitude
Longitude
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Where is 0 degree?

• The equator is 0 degree latitude.
• It is an imaginary belt that runs halfway point
  between the North Pole and the South Pole.

Equator
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Where is 0 degree?

• The prime meridian is 0 degrees longitude. This
  imaginary line runs through the United Kingdom,
  France, Spain, western Africa, and Antarctica.

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Hemispheres

• By using the equator and prime meridian, we can
  divide the world into four hemispheres, north,
  south, east, and west.

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Compass

• A compass is a tool that helps the user know what
  direction one is headed.
• On a map, a compass or a compass rose helps the
  user locate these directions.

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Compass Rose

• The needle on a compass is magnetized to point to
  the earth's north magnetic pole. Thus with a
  compass, a person can roughly tell which
  direction they are headed.
• There are four major or cardinal directions on a
  compass- north, south, east west. In between
  are the directions northeast, northwest,
  southeast, southwest.
• Direction Quiz

Source http//aerocompass.larc.nasa.gov
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Directions

• The cardinal directions are north, south, east,
  and west.
• The intermediate directions are northeast,
  southeast, southwest and northwest.
• They help describe the location of places in
  relation to other places.

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Scale

• Maps are made to scale that is, there is a
  direct connection between a unit of measurement
  on the map and the actual distance.
• For example, each inch on the map represents one
  mile on Earth. So, a map of a town would show a
  mile-long strip of fast food joints and auto
  dealers in one inch.

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Time Zones

• The Earth is divided into 24 time zones,
  corresponding to 24 hours in a day.
• As the earth rotates, the sun shines in different
  areas, moving from east to west during the course
  of a day.
• Places that have the same longitude will be in
  the same time zone.

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Map Legends

• The legend is the key to unlocking the secrets of
  a map. Objects or colors in the legend represent
  something on the map.

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Can you understand this legend?
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Age Expectancy
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Typical Graph

• This is an example of a typical graph we are all
  familiar with.
• The graph is made up of different points with
  lines that connect the points.

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Typical Graph

• Each point has two values
• The X value that runs along the horizontal
  X axis
• The Y value that runs along the vertical
  Y axis

Y axis
X axis
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Typical Graph

• X value is always stated first
• Followed by the Y value
• The origin is the point where the 2 axes
  intersect with a value of (0,0)

Y
(3,8)
(9,5)
X
(0,0)
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Typical Graph

• A point can also have negative (-) values
• Negative X values are to the left of the
  origin (0,0)
• Negative Y values are below the origin

Y
(-X,Y)
(X,Y)
(0,0)
X
(X,-Y)
(-X,-Y)
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East West, North South on The Earth

• Let the X axis be the Equator.
• Let the Y axis be the Prime Meridian that
  runs through Greenwich outside of London.
• Lat/Long are the 2 grid points by which you
  can locate any point on earth.

Y
X
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East West, North South on the Earth

• Let each of the four quarters then be designated
  by North or South and East or West.

N
E
W
S
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East West, North South on the Earth

• The N tells us were north of the Equator. The S
  tells us were south of the Equator.
• The E tells us that were east of the Prime
  Meridian. The W tells us that were west of the
  Prime Meridian.

(N, W)
(N, E)
(S, W)
(S, E)
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East West, North South on the Earth

• That means all points in North America will
  have a North latitude and a West longitude
  because it is North of the Equator and West of
  the Prime Meridian.

(N, W)
Prime Meridian
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East West, North South on the Earth

• What would be the latitude and longitude
  directions in Australia?

?
Prime Meridian
If you said South and East , youre right!
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What is Latitude?

• Latitude is the distance from the equator
  along the Y axis.
• All points along the equator have a value of 0
  degrees latitude.
• North pole 90N
• South pole 90S
• Values are expressed in terms of degrees.

90N
Y
X
90S
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What is Latitude?

• Each degree of latitude is divided into 60
  minutes.
• Each minute is divided into 60 seconds.

90N
Y
X
90S
This is also true of longitude.
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What is Latitude?

• For Example
• 37, 02,51N
• This is close to the latitude where you live.

90N
Y
X
90S
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What is Longitude?

• Longitude is the distance from the prime meridian
  along the X axis.
• All points along the prime meridian have a
  value of 0 degrees longitude.
• The earth is divided into two parts, or
  hemispheres, of east and west longitude.

Y
X
180W
180E
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What is Longitude?

• The earth is divided into 360 equal slices
  (meridians)
• 180 west and 180 east of the prime meridian

Y
X
180W
180E
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What is Latitude?

• Our latitude and longitude might be
• 37, 03,13N
• 76, 29, 45W

90N
Y
X
90S
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So Where is (0,0)?

• The origin point (0,0) is where the equator
  intersects the prime meridian.
• (0,0) is off the western coast of Africa in the
  Atlantic Ocean.

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See If You Can Tell In Which Quarter These
Lon/Lats Are Located

• 1. 41N, 21E
• 2. 37N, 76W
• 3. 72S, 141W
• 4. 7S, 23W
• 5. 15N, 29E
• 6. 34S, 151E

A
B
D
C
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Let's See How You Did!

• 1. B
• 2. A
• 3. C
• 4. C
• 5. B
• 6. D

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• See if you can find those same latitude/longitude
  locations on a map!

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In Summary!
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Positioning on the Earths Surface
Latitude and Longitude together enable the fixing
of position on the Earths surface.
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Now youre ready to find some locations on a map!