Jean Watson A LIVING legend

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Jean Watson- A LIVING legend -

• By Andrew, Anne, Boots, Carolyn, Emily, Jasmine,
  Maddie,
• Osh, and Tara

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Centering Exercise
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Educational Background

• DEGREES EARNED
•  
• 1969-73 Ph.D. Educational Psychology and
  Counseling University of Colorado
• 1969-70 Graduate study Social and Clinical
  Psychology University of Colorado,
•  1964-66 M.S. psychiatric mental-health nursing
  Minor University of Colorado
• psychology
•  
• 1962-64 B.S. nursing University of Colorado
•  
• 1958-61 R.N. diploma in nursing Lewis-Gale
  School of Nursing

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Achievements

• Jean Watson is a woman of many accomplishments
  thus far throughout her lifetime she has
  accomplished that of what many nurses dream of.
  Some of her accomplishments include
• The International Kellogg Fellowship in
  Australia
• The National League for Nursing chose Jean as the
  recipient for the Martha E. Rogers Award (1993)
• New York University recognized her as a
  Distinguished Nurse Scholar (1999)
• The Fetzer Institute honored her with the
  national Norman Cousins Award

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Influences

• Dr. Watson constructed her theory from the
  contribution of other nursing theorists
  including Madeleine Leininger, and also from the
  basic sciences and humanities
• Interpersonal and transpersonal qualities of
  human behaviour
• Theorists for mention who influenced Jean
  Watsons caring theory are Hans Selye, Richard
  Lazarus and Carl Rogers

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Human Caring Theory

• Caring is the most valuable attribute that
  nursing has to offer
• Based on assumptions about the science of caring
  and presence of carative factors
• Carative factors structural components of the
  science of caring

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Caring Assumptions

• Caring can be effectively demonstrated and
  practiced interpersonally
• Caring consists of carative factors that can
  fulfill human needs
• Effective caring promotes health and individual
  and family growth
• Caring responses accept a person as is and looks
  beyond to what that person may become
• A caring environment offers the development of
  potential while allowing a person to choose the
  best action at a given time

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Caring Assumptions contd...

• (6) Caring is as equally important as curing
• (7) The practice of caring is central to nursing

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Carative Factors

• Forming a Humanistic-altruistic value system
• Instilling faith-hope
• Cultivating sensitivity to oneself and to others
• Developing a helping-trust relationship
• Promoting expression of positive and negative
  feelings

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Carative Factors contd...

• (6) Systematically using the scientific
  problem-solving method for decision making
• (7) Promoting interpersonal teaching-learning
• (8) Providing a supportive, protective, or
  corrective mental, physical, sociocultural, and
  spiritual environment
• (9) Assisting with gratification of human needs
• (10) Allowing for existentialphenomenological
  forces

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• Metaparadigms

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Person

• Caring in nursing conveys physical acts, but it
  embraces the mind/body/spirit as it reclaims the
  embodied spirit as its focus of attention.
  (Alligood Tomey, 2006)
•   Watsons Theory of Caring showed a new way of
  looking at the person in health.
• looks beyond the physical and even mental aspect
  of the person to the unknown.
• The spirit and soul of the patient are very
  significant in her theory
• terms used interchangeably in an effort to put a
  banner over this unknown realm.
• Watson asks that the scientific view of the
  patient, which itself is important, must be put
  in its own place in the whole nursing process.
• Nursing must embrace all the ways of healing and
  understanding for The soul to fully participate
  in healing (Alligood Tomey, 2006).

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Person contd...

• Nurses must use all their senses as well as being
  extrasensory (beyond the five senses).
• In order to have access to the person, and
  ultimately their body, mind and soul, the nurse
  must look at the patient as a whole with a
  holistic approach.
• Outlines what a person encapsulates and that if
  they are not being understood on all those levels
  than the nurse will not even have the ability to
  access to the physicality of the person, the
  body.
• So the most basic of nursing care, the medical
  approach, will never work fully.
• It is because people need each other in a
  caring, loving way (Alligood Tomey, 2006).
• It is not a want for a person to have holistic
  care but a need, it is necessary for the person.

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Environment

• Society and all its influences
• Affects behaviour and the goals someone would set
  for themselves
• Looks at the cultural, social, and spiritual
  aspects

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Health

• view of health is similar to that of the WHO
  which defines health as a state of complete
  physical, mental, and social well-being.
• Health is not merely seen as the absence of
  illness and disease.
• also describes health as encompassing a high
  level of overall physical, mental and social
  functioning or in other words health is a general
  adaptive maintenance level of daily
  functioning coupled with the absence of illnesses
• sees health as a subjective state within the mind
  of the individual, and that each and every person
  must define a personal state of health.

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Health Contd...

• Watson's value system that was created in regards
  to human care, has an emphasis on helping a
  person to gain more self-knowledge, self control,
  and readiness for self-healing, regardless of
  external health conditions. These are important
  prerequisites when it comes to health
  maintenance.
• Her value system not only provides a framework
  for the requirements that are essential for a
  consistant health status, but the system is also
  blended with her 10 carative factors which are
  aimed at the caring process that helps the
  individual attain health.

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Nursing

• Looks at nursing as a person and as
  responses/behaviours
• Nursing consists of
• knowledge,
• thought,
• values,
• philosophy,
• Commitment
• passion
• Moral idea human care and caring
• Consists of human-to-human attempts to protect,
  enhance, and preserve humanity by helping a
  person find meaning in illness, suffering, pain
  and existence

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Nursing contd...

• Goal of nursing
• To help persons gain a higher degree of harmony
  within the mind, body and soul which generates
  self-knowledge, self-reverence, self-healing and
  self-care processes while allowing increasing
  diversity
• Pursued through the human-to-human caring process
  and caring transactions
•  
• Role in society
• Enhancement of dignity and the preservation of
  humanity

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Case Study

• 34 year old man
• Married with two children
• Dx of bowel cancer 18 months ago
• Underwent bowel resection ? Clear margins
  achieved at time, no chemotherapy necessary
• Presented 4 months later with another mass in
  abdomen causing bowel obstruction
• Surgery to remove 90 of stomach, duodenum, part
  of small bowel, spleen, and kidney
• Suffered 20 kg weight loss in past 2 months
• Difficulty ingesting food/fluids orally
• must regain nutritional status in order to
  continue with chemotherapy treatments
• must decide on nutritional support to improve
  clients health status

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Case Study Contd...

• Major decision he has to make is
• What type of nutritional support he needs, either
  oral, enteral, or parenteral
• His primary concern is his nutritional health
  because if he cannot maintain his nutritional
  health then he cannot continue having
  chemotherapy treatments. He understands he
  cannot be cured but his wife does not work and he
  has two small children. He struggles with
  leaving his wife and children, and for those
  reasons, he feels he must continue to Fight this
  disease

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Case Study Contd...

• Watsons Theory
• Watson believes it is the Body, mind, and
  spirit of the caregiver and the patient, that
  has the greatest impact on the outcome of care.
  Therefore, the theory states that the nurses
  care for the patient goes beyond human contact
  and focuses on the soul of the patient.
• Watsons theory of caring insists that a holistic
  approach, including the social history of the
  patient, be considered, as it allows the
  interviewer to understand a more complete
  approach to the patients care. The environment
  in which DL lives as well as his habits within
  that environment, help to provide a more complete
  and potentially more successful plan of care.
  Meal preparation time, for instance, is an
  important consideration for someone who is weak
  and in poor health. DL may feel well enough to
  prepare food, but too weak to eat it because of
  the energy expended in preparation. Because of
  his inability to work and resulting financial
  burden, his food choices may be limited.

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Case Study Contd...

• Watson caring theory believes that understanding
  the patients goal of care is important. The DL
  is not disease free, he cannot take anything
  orally without difficulty, he is in pain, he has
  a family with small children, and he does not
  want to die.
• A holistic approach to the DLs care includes the
  nurse taking a deeper appreciation for the
  patients definition of life, the quality of his
  life, and the things actions and events that make
  his life important. For example if it is the DLs
  main goal to maintain his quality of life and
  then to enhance the length of his life, then he
  will have to look at how it will affect his
  activities, family, and to what end it will
  affect the course of his therapy and his life.

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Case Study Contd...

• For the nurse to follow Watsons holistic
  approach she must trust and support the patients
  decision no matter what they decide. This is the
  helping-trust relationship between the nurse and
  the patient. In addition, Watson believes that
  without spiritual healing physical healing is
  difficult to achieve.
• Based on the information the DL will be able to
  make decision reflecting his values and belief
  system. This is an example of Watsons theory
  because it is evidenced-based decisions
  reflective on the patients and nurses commitment
  to holistic care.

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Conclusion

• Jean Watson, a woman with an extensive list
  of accomplishments, from academic
  achievements and teaching, to becoming the
  founder of the original Center for Human Caring,
  and publishing several books. Her knowledge in
  psychology and counselling as well as in mental
  health nursing and loss, has opened the doors to
  countless nursing theories that have shaped the
  face of nursing and will continue to do so in the
  years to come as she continues her studies. As
  individuals in the nursing program, we can
  learn numerous strategies that will be useful not
  only in our postsecondary education but
  throughout our future career as nurses ourselves.
   

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References

• Alligood, M. R., Tomey, A. M. (2006). Nursing
  theory Utilization and application (3rd ed.).
  St. Louis, MO Mosby
• Information Resources for Nurses Worldwide.
  (2008, October 04). Nurses for Nurses Everywhere
  Info. Retrieved October 24, 2008 from
  http//www.nurses.info/nursing_theory_person_watso
  n_jean.htm
• Masters, K. (2005). Framework for Professional
  Nursing Practice. Retrieved October 30, 2008,
  from Google Book Search http//books.google.ca/bo
  oks?idTKLTbsVVmEECpgPA38lpgPA38dqCarativeF
  actorsdescribedsourcewebotsmqJ-
•  
• n.a. (2008). Jean Watsons philosophy of nursing.
  Retrieved October 14, 2008, from
  http//currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/Watson.ht
  m

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References Contd...

• Tomey, A. M., Alligood, M. R. (2006). Nursing
  theorists and their work (6th ed.). St. Louis MO
  Mosby.
• Watson, Jean. (1999). Nursing Human Science and
  Human Care A Theory of Nursing. Sudbury,
  Massachusetts Jones and Bartlett Publishers
• Watson, Jean. (1985). The 10 Carative Factors.
  Retrieved October 31, from,
• http//www.angelfire.com/bc3/nursinginquir
  y/carative.htm. 
• Wesley, Ruby, L. (1994). Nursing Theories and
  Models Second Edition.
•   Springhouse, Pennsylvania Springhouse
  Corporation.

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References Contd...

• W.K Kellogg Foundation. Grantseeking. Retreived
  October 24, 2008, from
• http//www.wkkf.org/default.aspx?tabid63ItemID6
  NID41LanguageID0
• Xavier. (2007, November 02). AuthorStream. Jean
  Watson. Retrieved October 15, 2008, from
  http//www.authorstream.com/Presentation/Xavier-24
  871-Jean-Watson-Education-Employment-Achievements-
  Caritas-Process-Overview-Caring-Theory