COLLISION AVOIDANCE

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COLLISION AVOIDANCE

• A Different Perspective

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What Different Perspective?

• No Boring Statistics !
• No Boring Discussion on the
  Limitations of the Human Eye !
• No How to Scan for Traffic Sermon

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The Goals

• Define the Problem
• Offer Solutions

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BUT FIRST . . .

• . . . a little review !

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The Holy Grail

• FAR 91 . 113
• . . . Vigilance shall be maintained by each
  person operating an aircraft so as to see and
  avoid other aircraft.

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THE CHALLENGE

• As the National Airspace System becomes
  increasingly complex, the threat of mid-air
  collisions involving general aviation
  recreational aircraft will increase !
• Mid-air collisions usually involve fatalities -
  there are no fender-benders in the air !

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Interesting Statistics !

• 1991 - 1996
• 79 Mid-air collisions involving general aviation
  aircraft !

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DOES NOT INCLUDE -

• FAR Part 121 / 135 Aircraft
• Military Aircraft
• Public Use Aircraft

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SAFER SKIESA Focused Agenda

• Pilot Judgment Decision-making
• Loss of Aircraft Control
• Weather Factors
• Survivability
• Collision Avoidance

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INTERESTING HUMAN LIMITATIONS

• Empty-Field Myopia
• Blind Spots
• Fixation / Distractions

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Facts...
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What does all of this mean ?

• Because of physical limitations and the
  increasingly complex nature of our airspace
  system, the potential for a mid-air collision is
  very real and will remain a serious threat to
  general aviation safety !

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The Strategy -The Three Ws

• WHEN ?
• WHERE ?
• WHAT ?

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THE STRATEGY !

• WHEN are mid-air collisions most likely to
  occur ?
• WHERE is the potential for a mid- air
  collision the greatest ?
• WHAT can the pilot do to prevent or minimize
  this threat ?

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WHEN ?

• VFR WEATHER
• BELOW 3,000 FEET AGL
• WITHIN 10 MILES OF DEPARTURE AIRPORT
• WEEKENDS

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WHERE ?

• WITHIN 10 MILES OF NON-TOWER AIRPORTS
• TRANSITION TO/FROM THE TRAFFIC PATTERN
• PRIMARILY IN THE TRAFFIC PATTERN !

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Everything You Always Wanted to Know About the
Traffic Pattern, but . . .

• FAR 91 . 113
• FAR 91 . 126
• FAR 91 . 127
• AIM

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FAR 91 . 126

• When approaching to land at an airport without an
  operating control tower . . . each pilot of an
  airplane must make all turns of that airplane to
  the left unless otherwise designated .

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FAR 91 . 127

• When operating in the vicinity of an airport in
  Class E airspace, comply with FAR 91.126

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Furthermore . . .

• Aeronautical Information Manual
• Chapter 4 Section 3
• Airport Operations
• FAA Advisory Circular 91-66A
• Recommended Standard Traffic Patterns and
  Practices For Operations At Airports Without
  Operating Control Towers

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CONFUSING ?

• You Bet !

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SURVIVAL STRATEGIESThe WHAT

• Know where the traffic is !
• Airports
• Victor Airways
• MTRs

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SURVIVAL STRATEGIESThe Sequel !

• Know where the potential for
  conflict is the greatest !
• Traffic Pattern
• (Specifically Final Approach)

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The TRAFFIC Pattern !

• Downwind Leg - 2
• Base Leg - 18
• Final Approach - 80

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(F)USTALL

• Look out - and LOOK OUT!
• Where When to ESPECIALLY look?
• Constantly checking for traffic should be a habit
  - a way of life. Without it you may not have a
  life!

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Entry
Downwind
Base
Final
Critical Check For Traffic Points
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SURVIVAL STRATEGIESPart Three

• RADIOS -
• use them or lose them !
• Report positions frequently, and accurately, when
  operating in the vicinity of a non-tower airport.

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SURVIVAL STRATEGIESThe Conclusion

• See and Avoid is more than a regulation,
• It is an Attitude !

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Its all up to you!

• Be aware - responsibility for mid-air collision
  avoidance is in YOUR hands!
• SEE AND BE SEEN!
• Check your attitude - no-one is invulnerable.

• Thanks for listening - any questions?

Lou Frank
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