Tire Fundamentals

1
Tire Fundamentals
2
Tire Function

• Tires serve two basic functions.
• Provide cushion between and the road and the
  metal wheel.
• Provide adequate traction (friction) with the
  road surface

3
Tires Manufacturers

• There are many different tire manufacturers.
• How many do you recognize?

4
The Parts of a Tire

• Tread
• Sidewall
• Body Plies
• Steel Belts
• Liner
• Beads

5
Reading the Sidewall
6
Tire Manufacturers Models

• Tire manufacturers are the companies that make
  the tires
• Tire models are the different types of tires
  that company produces
• E.g. Tire manufacturer TOYO
• Tire Model PROXES T1-S

7
Tire Size
8
Tire Type

• P-Metric System
• Letter designates tire type
• P Passenger tire
• LT Light truck tire
• C Commercial tire
• T Temporary/spare tire

9
Tire Width

• Tread width in millimetres
• This tires width would be 235 mm

10
Aspect Ratio

• Tire height-to-width ratio
• Aspect ratio 75
• Sidewall height is 75 of the tire width
• Aspect ratio of this tire is 235mm X 75 176mm
  tall sidewall

11
Construction

• R designates the tire is a
  radial tire
• Radial tires have plies that go from bead to bead

12
Rim Diameter

• Rim diameter is given in inches
• 13 13
• 14 14
• 15 15 etc.

13
Load Index

• 2-digit that determines the tires maximum
  load carrying capacity
• 82 Load Index 1047 lbs

14
Speed Rating

• Maximum allowable road speed a tire can safely
  withstand without failure
• Letter system
• For Example H Speed Symbol 130 mph

15
Mud and Snow Rating

• MS indicates the tire can be used in mud and
  snow applications
• All season tires should not be used in snowy
  conditions unless they have the mountain
  snowflake symbol

16
Treadwear Rating

• Treadwear is given as a number
• The higher the number, the longer the tire will
  last
• 100 Baseline
• More than 100 Better
• Less than 100 Poorer

17
Traction Rating

• Traction is given as an A, B, or C rating
• A best traction
• B intermediate traction
• C acceptable traction

18
Temperature Rating

• Temperature is also given as an A, B, or C
  rating
• A best
• B intermediate
• C acceptable
• The higher the rating the more resistant to
  temperature build-up
• The more a tire heats up, the quicker it wears

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Department of Transportation

• Also known as the DOT
• The DOT identifies
• Manufacturer of tire
• Plant location
• Construction
• Date of manufacturer
• Used for warranties, recalls, etc.

20
Maximum Load Rating

• The amount of weight a tire can carry at the
  recommended air pressure
• E.g. 1300 lbs
• Are the tires needed for a minivan or delivery
  van?
• Dont do what this person did!

21
Air Pressure

• Checking air pressure is important
• Benefits of correct air pressure are
• tires last longer
• save fuel
• better handling

22
Inflation Problems

• Excessive wear on outer tread

• Excessive wear in middle of tread

• Tread wears evenly

23
When do tires need replacing?
2/32

• A tire is completely worn out when the
  tread-depth is 2/32 or less
• An American penny will work as an accurate gauge
• The distance between the side of the penny and
  Lincolns hair is exactly 2/32

24
Tire Worksheet

• Pair up with a partner
• Fill out Tire Worksheet
• Hand in before the end of class
• You can inspect your own car or shop car

25
Tire Rotation
RWD

• Ensures maximum tire life
• Evens out tire wear
• Tires should be rotated every 5,000 kms

FWD
4x4
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Tire Rotation

• Pair up with partner
• Fill out Tire Rotation Worksheet
• You can work on your own car or a shop car
• Get permission before using the hoist!

27
Roadside Tire Changing Step 1

• Park away from traffic.
• If the wheel has a wheel cover, pry it with the
  flat end of the tire iron.

28
Roadside Tire Changing Step 2

• Break the lug nuts loose by turning them
  counter-clockwise.
• If the nuts wont loosen, carefully use extra
  force by standing on the lug wrench.

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Roadside Tire Changing Step 3

• Refer to the cars owner manual for jack
  position.
• Newer cars have indentations in the rocker panel
  for where the jack goes.

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Roadside Tire Changing Step 4

• Jack up the car.

31
Roadside Tire Changing Step 5

• Once the tire is up off the ground, remove the
  lug nuts.
• Put the loose nuts in a safe place such as
  inside the wheel cover.

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Roadside Tire Changing Step 6

• Remove the flat tire.

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Roadside Tire Changing Step 7

• Lift the spare onto the wheel studs.
• Next, thread on the lug nuts by hand.
• Remember Pointed end in first.

34
Roadside Tire Changing Step 8

• Using the tire iron, tighten the lug nuts in an
  "X" pattern.
• This secures the wheel to the hub evenly.

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Roadside Tire Changing Step 9

• Lower the vehicle, remove the jack and tighten
  the nuts.
• Remember most spares are only temporary.
• Do not exceed speeds of 50 km per hour on spare.

36
Roadside Tire Changing Worksheet

• Fill out Roadside Tire Changing Worksheet.
• Use your own vehicle.
• No partners.
• No tools from the shop allowed.
• Use only what is in your trunk.

37
Tire Machine Demo

• Mr. B will perform a demo on how to change a
  tire using the Tire Changing Machine in the shop.

38
Tire Machine Worksheet

• Fill out Tire Changing Machine Worksheet.
• Mr. B will provide you with a tire.
• Hand in sheet before end of class.
• You must wear safety classes!

39
Tire Quiz

• Quiz is out of 20
• Fill out your name, date, and block(s).
• Answer to best of your ability.
• Good luck!