Sick Building

1

• Sick Building
• Sick Building Syndrome
• Toxic Mould

2
Sampling Purposes

• 1. Biodeterioration of materials
• 2. Health impact of fungi

3
Collection of Fungi

• 1. Air spora
• indoor
• outdoor
• 2. Tape preparations
• surfaces
• 3. Swab collections
• surfaces
• moist material
• 4. Bulk samples
• any material

4
Health Problem

• Establishing the cause-effect relationship
  between indoor fungi
• and the health problem of the
• building resident.

5
Disease

• 1. Infectious disease
• 2. Non-infectious disease
• allergic disease
• mycotoxin disease

6
Respiratory Diseases

• 1. Non-infectious
• asthma
• allergic rhinitis
• allergic alveolitis
• organic dust toxic syndrome
• allergic sinusitis
• invasive sinusitis
• 2. Infectious
• asperigillosis
• invasive sinusitis

7
Non-infectious Diseases

• 1. Biological
• allergic disease
• 2. Non-biological
• mycotoxin
• inorganic volatile
• compounds

8
Indoor Bioallergens

• 1. Mites
• 2. Pollen
• 3. Insects
• 4. Animal dander
• 5. Bacteria
• 6. Fungi

9
Categories of Hypersensitivity

• 1. Type I
• anaphylactic, allergic
• 2. Type II
• cytotoxic
• 3. Type III
• immune complex induced
• 4. Type IV
• cell mediated, delayed

10
Hypersensitivity

• 1. Type I
• IgE antibodies, mast cells, basophils
• asthma, hay fever
• 2. Type IV
• T-lymphocytes, macrophages
• contact dermatitis

11
Allergic Reactions

• runny nose
• eye irritation
• cough
• congestion
• aggravation of asthma

12
Asthma

• difficult to breathe
• wheezing
• shortness of breath
• coughing
• constriction of air passages

13
Allergic Rhinitis

• running nose
• sneezing
• conjunctival symptoms
• upper respiratory tract

14
Allergic Alveolitis(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)

• cough
• dyspnea
• fever in 4-6 hours
• chest x-ray changes
• IgG antibody detection

15
Allergic Sinus

• nasal swelling
• nasal discharge
• inflammation of sinus

16
Sinus Fungus Balls

• non-invasive
• invasive

17
Diagnostic Approaches

• 1. Serology
• IgE antibodies
• IgG antibodies
• 2. Skin test
• Type I immediate sensitivity
• Type IV delayed hypersensitivity
• 3. Clinical signs and symptoms

18
Toxic Effects

• fatigue
• nausea
• headaches
• respiratory irritation
• eye irritation
• discomfort
• inability to concentrate

19
Pulmonary Hemorrhage Hemosiderosis

• 1. Etiology unknown
• 2. Infants
• 3. Stachybotrys sp. mycotoxin
• 4. Pulmonary hemosiderosis