Performing Basic Vehicle Maneuvers

1
Chapter 6

• Performing Basic Vehicle Maneuvers

2
Chapter 6 Overview

• Chapter 6 presents the basic maneuvers needed for
  steering, changing lanes, making turns, execution
  turnabouts, and parking in various situations.

3
6.1 Steering, Signaling, and Changing Lanes

• This section presents the basic skills for
  steering, signaling, and changing lanes. Proper
  techniques for steering straight forward and
  backward are introduced. The proper uses of
  turn-signal devices and hand signals are
  presented. Instructions for safely changing
  lanes are also included.
• Following this section, I will be able to
• 1. Explain how to steer straight forward and
  backward.
• 2. Describe the correct use of hand signals and
  explain when they might be used.
• 3. List the proper steps for changing lanes.

4
6.1 Vocabulary

• At the conclusion of this section, I will be able
  to define
• 1. oversteer
• 2. understeer
• 3. blind-spot areas
• 4. friction point

5
Steering Straight Forward

• Use a comfortable, balanced hand position.
• Aim far ahead into your intended path of travel.
• Avoid looking down at your hands or feet.
• Adjustments to steering will be small but very
  critical. Be careful not to oversteer or
  understeer.

6
Steering Straight Backward

• See picture on p. 110
• 1. Hold brake pedal down and shift to REVERSE.
• 2. Turn your body to the right, place right arm
  over the back of passenger seat, and look through
  rear window.
• 3. Left hand at 12 oclock on steering wheel.

7
Steering Straight Backward

• 4. release brake pressure slightly to allow
  vehicle to go backward slowly.
• 5. Move the top of the steering wheel in the
  direction you want the back of vehicle to go as
  you look through the rear window.
• 6. Cover brake pedal while backing up while
  glancing to the front and sides to check traffic.
  Continue looking through back window as you
  brake to stop.

8
Backing a Stickshift Vehicle

• 1. Push brake and clutch pedals down.
• 2. Shift to REVERSE.
• 3. Release brake, let clutch pedal out slowly to
  the friction point.
• Most stickshift vehicles can move slowly in
  REVERSE with the clutch at the friction point
  with no acceleration. Keep foot over brake
  pedal. To stop, push down clutch and brake for a
  smooth stop.

9
Signaling

• Develop the habit of signaling every time you
  plan to turn, change of lanes, slow, or stop.
• See p. 111 for hand signals
• 1. Right turn signal-
• 2. Left turn signal-
• 3. Slow or stop-

10
Changing Lanes

• See diagram on p. 112
• Follow these steps when making a lane change
• 1. Check zone in front and to the left
  (right)-front. Check rear zones through rearview
  mirrors.
• 2. Signal and make a blind-spot check over the
  shoulder in the direction that you are going.
• 3. Increase speed and steer smoothly into next
  lane if it is clear
• 4. Cancel your signal and adjust your speed.

11
Review

• 1. Describe the procedures for steering straight
  forward and backward.
• 2. What are the three hand and arm signals for
  turns and stopping? When might these signals be
  used?
• 3. List the steps to follow when changing lanes.

12
6.2 Making Turns and Turning the Vehicle Around

• This section focuses on making turns and turning
  the vehicle around. Hand-over-hand and push-pull
  steering are explained. Procedures for making
  right and left turns, including use of the shared
  left-turn lane are included. Directions are also
  provided for backing left and right. Directions
  and precautions for turnabouts are presented.
• Following this section, I will be able to
• 1. Describe hand-over-hand steering.
• 2. List the steps for making right and left
  turns.
• 3. Describe how to back left and right.
• 4. Describe five turnabouts and tell which is
  the safest to use.

13
6.2 Vocabulary

• Following this section, I will be able to define
• 5. hand-over-hand steering
• 6. push-pull steering
• 7. turn-about

14
Hand-Over-Hand Steering

• Discuss
• See picture on p. 113

15
Push-Pull Steering

• Discuss
• See picture on p. 113

16
Making Right and Left Turns

• Make left and right turns only after checking all
  traffic.
• Look for pedestrians, oncoming traffic, and check
  rear zones for a vehicle ready to pass you.
• Plan turns well in advance. Be in the correct
  lane about a block before the turn.
• Obey all traffic signs, signals, and roadway
  markings. Yield to oncoming traffic if making a
  left turn.

17
Procedures for Turning

• 1. Position your car into the correct lane.
  Signal about ½ a block before the turn.
• 2. Brake early to reduce speed.
• 3. Check your front zones for vehicles,
  pedestrians, and bicyclists.
• 4. Slow to about 10 mph just before crosswalk.
• 5. For a right turn, check traffic from the left
  and then look to the right. Begin turn when
  front bumper is even with curbline.

18
Procedures for Turning

• 6. For a left turn, check traffic from the left,
  right, and then left again. Start your turn when
  the front of your vehicle reaches the center of
  the intersection. Continue monitoring the lane
  you will enter.
• 7. Check your blind-spot and your front and rear
  zones. Turn into the nearest lane of traffic
  going in your direction. Accelerate about ½ way
  through the turn as you straighten your steering
  wheel.

19
Shared Left-Turn Lane

• Discuss
• See picture on p. 114

20
Backing Left and Right

• Discuss to the left and right
• See diagrams on p. 115

21
Turn the Vehicle Around

• Turnabout- a maneuver to turn your vehicle around
  to go in the opposite direction.
• Be sure local laws permit a turnabout.
• Must have at least 500 visibility.
• No turnabouts near hills or curves nor within
  200 of intersections.
• Never attempt a turnabout in heavy or high-speed
  traffic.
• Continually check all zones for pedestrians and
  traffic.

22
Turn the Vehicle Around

• 5 types of turnabouts-
• 1. Midblock U-turn- (p.116)
• 2. Back into Driveway on Right Side- (p.116)
• 3. Pull into Driveway on Left Side- (p. 117)
• 4. Pull into Driveway on Right Side- (p.117)
• 5. Three-Point Turnabout- (p. 118)

23
Review

• 1. What is the procedure for hand-over-hand
  steering?
• 2. What are the steps for turning left and
  right?
• 3. What procedures do you follow to back to the
  left and to the right?
• 4. What is the safest type of turnabout to use?
  Why is that type the safest?

24
6.3 Parking

• This section is devoted to all aspects of
  parking. Reference points are explained as a way
  to help drivers execute parking maneuvers.
  Specific instructions for angle, perpendicular,
  and parallel parking are included. Instructions
  are given for parking on hills.
• Following this section, I will be able to
• 1. Discuss reference points and how to use them
  as guides when parking your vehicle.
• 2. Describe the procedures for angle,
  perpendicular, and parallel parking.
• 3. Describe how to park uphill and downhill with
  and without a curb
• 4. Explain how to start from an uphill parking
  space without rolling backwards.

25
6.3 Vocabulary

• After completing this section, I will be able to
  define
• 8. angle parking
• 9. parallel parking
• 10. perpendicular parking
• 11. personal reference point
• 12. reference point
• 13. standard reference point

26
Parking

• Parking is a challenge for some people. Parking
  your vehicle requires speed control, steering
  control, and accurate judgment.
• Suggestions for making parking easier and safer
• 1. Find a space with plenty of room.
• 2. Avoid spaces at the end of parking lanes or
  near large vehicles.
• 3. Avoid spaces with a poorly parked vehicle on
  either side.
• 4. Use reference points when executing parking
  maneuvers.

27
Reference Points

• Reference point- is some part of the outside or
  inside of the vehicle, as viewed from the
  drivers seat, that relates to some part of the
  roadway. (see picture on p. 119)
• Standard reference points- a point on the vehicle
  that is typical for most drivers (i.e., mirror,
  hood ornament, bumper, etc.).
• Personal reference points- an adaptation of a
  standard reference point for ones own vehicle
  (i.e., windshield wipers, door handles, rearview
  mirrors, etc.).

28
Angle Parking

• Used to park your vehicle diagonally to a curb.
  Often used in parking lots and shopping centers.
• See diagram p. 120

29
Perpendicular Parking

• Use to park your vehicle at a right angle to the
  curb.
• See diagram on p. 120

30
Leaving an Angle or Perpendicular Space

• Discuss procedure

31
Parallel Parking

• Use to park your vehicle parallel to the curb.
  Space should be 5 or 6 feet longer than your
  vehicle. Be 2-3 feet away from car next to you.
• Discuss procedures
• See diagram on p. 121
• Describe procedures for leaving a parallel
  parking space

32
Parking on Hills

• Must park to keep your vehicle from rolling down
  hill into traffic.
• Always turn your front wheels and set the parking
  brake.
• Follow these procedures for parking uphill or
  downhill on the right side of the right
• 1. Uphill Parking with a Curb (UCLA)-
• 2. Uphill Parking with No Curb-
• 3. Downhill Parking with a Curb-
• 4. Downhill Parking with No Curb-
• 5. Starting on a Hill (automatic, stickshift)

33
Review

• 1. What are standard reference points? How can
  you adapt them to become personal reference
  points?
• 2. What are the steps for angle parking?
  Perpendicular parking? Parallel parking?
• 3. Which way should your front wheels be turned
  when parking uphill with a curb? Uphill withy no
  curb? Downhill with a curb? Downhill with no
  curb?
• 4. How do you use the parking brake to start on
  a hill without rolling backwards?