Disaster Risk Reduction Strategy

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Disaster Risk Reduction Strategy

• A Multidisciplinary Domain

Dr. Djillali BENOUAR USTHB / LABO. BATI DANS
ENVIRONNEMENT
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Introduction

• The first phase in reducing the risk to society
  from disasters is an assessment of the hazard
  itself .
• Disaster risk reduction, whether it includes
  seismic-resistant design, land-use management,
  city planning, public education or legislation
  should be based on a sound knowledge of hazards

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Risk Definition

• Risk is defined as
• Hazard Vulnerability
• Risk ---------------------------------
• Disaster Management

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Definitions

• RISK is defined as the scope of consequences
  (loss of life, damage to property or the
  environment,..).
• HAZARD is defined as the Punch of Nature
  (external forces)
• VULNERABILITY is defined as the weakness/strength
  of the element at risk.

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Definitions

• DISASTER MANAGEMENT is defined as a comprehensive
  strategy based on a set of activities to reduce
  the risk by
• 1. Reduction of the vulnerability of the
  elements at risk
• 2. Ensuring that adequate measures are
  implemented before disaster strikes
• 3. Responding as efficiently and effectively as
  possible to disasters when they occur
• 4. Assuring a sustainable development of the
  region stricken

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Evaluation

• HAZARD
• (earthquakes, flooding, drought, .)
• The evaluation is based upon the history of
  disasters that occurred in the past.
• Nature, severity, frequency, area, time,
  duration, return period,..
• Collect the data, historical records, scientific
  reports....
• Analyze the data and construct the hazard maps
  and quantify the hazard

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Evaluation

• VULNERABILITY
• (weakness / resistance of elements at risk)
• ?Existing building stock (state of the
  structures, non engineered structures, masonry
  structures,.)
• ?Structure of the population (density, old
  people, women, children, )
• ?Environment, topography, soil,..
• ?Construct vulnerability maps

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Evaluation

• DISASTER MANAGEMENT
• (various measures before, during and after the
  disaster)
• ?Awareness, education, laws and regulations
• ?Prevention and mitigation measures
• ?Prediction, warnings and preparedness
• ?Response capability
• ?Government, public, NGOs participating

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Main Phases of Disaster ManagementMITIGATION
PHASE

• Disaster Mitigation consists on activities whose
  objective is to reduce the vulnerability of
  elements at risk.
• Prevention measures are continuous and for long
  term.
• This phase may focus on reducing the hazard
  itself or on reducing the vulnerability or a
  combination of both. Sometimes hazard cannot be
  affected or too costly process.
• These measures are

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Mitigation Measures

• ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTIONS MEASURES
• (Strengthening structures, control structures)
• PHYSICAL PLANNING MEASURES
• (Land use planning)
• ECONOMIC MEASURES
• (legislation, tax, insurance,.)
• MANAGEMENT INSTITUTIONAL MEASURES
• (Building capacity, expertise, education,
  training,..)
• SOCIAL MEASURES
• (Awareness, public information and involvement)

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Preparedness Phase

• ?DISASTER PREPAREDNESS CONSISTS ON ACTIVITIES IS
  AIMED TO REDUCE THE VARIOUS LOSSES THAT MAY
  RESULT FROM FUTURE DISASTERS.
• CONSTRUCT PROBABLE SCENARIOS REGARDING TO HAZARD
  AND VULNERABILITY AND TO ASSESS THE RISK AND
  ESTABLISH PLANNED MEASURES TO DEAL WITH THE GIVEN
  DISASTER.

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Response Phase

• ?DISASTER RESPONSE OR RISK MANAGEMENT IS THE
  IMPLEMENTATION OF PLANNING OR MEASURES PUT IN
  PLACE IN THE PREPAREDNESS PHASE.
• ENSURE SURVIVAL OF A MAXIMUM NUMBER OF PEOPLE
  AFFECTED, RE-ESTABLISH ESSENTIAL SERVICES AS
  RAPIDLY AS POSSIBLE.

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Rehabilitation or Reconstruction Phase

• ?REHABILITATION OR RECONSTRUCTION IS A SET OF
  ACTIVITIES OF GETTING THE POPULATION TO NORMAL
  LIFE

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Disaster Management Cycle
PREPAREDNESS
MITIGATION
RESPONSE
REHABILITATION
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QUANTIFICATION OF RISK

• COMBINATION OF THE DATA OF HAZARD, VULNERABILITY
  AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT
• APPLY WEIGHTING (PROBABILITIES)
• QUANTIFY THE RISK IN TERMS OF PROBABILITY

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LEVEL OF RISK ACCEPTED

• IT IS UTOPIAN TO THINK THAT RISK (UNCERTAINTY)
  CAN BE TOTALLY ELIMINATED.
• RISK WILL BE ALWAYS HERE AND WE SHOULD LEARN TO
  LIVE WITH IT.
• GOVERNMENTS AND SOCIETY ACCORDING GENERALLY TO
  THEIR ECONOMICAL IMPORTANCE DECIDE ABOUT THE
  LEVEL OF ACCEPTABLE RISK FOR THE COUNTRY.