Energy

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Energy

• Energy- the capacity to do work
• Work- force through a distance
• Joule- amount of work done
• 4 Joules 1 calorie
• Calorie- energy to heat 1 g of water 1C

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Power

• Power- rate of energy flow
• Watt- measure of power
• Kilowatt-hour (kwh) 1000 watts exerted for 1
  hour.

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World Energy Consumption
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Per Capita Consumption

• 20 Richest Countries Consume
• 80 of natural gas
• 65 of oil
• 50 of coal
• U.S. and Canada consume 25 of available energy

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How We Use Energy
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Fossil Fuels

• Buried organic matter compressed over millions of
  years
• Lead to global warming
• Examples
• Coal
• Oil
• Natural Gas

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Making Fossil Fuels
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Coal

• Pro
• Vast Reserves
• Con
• Very dirty
• Destructive Extraction

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Coal-fired Power Plant
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Mining for Coal
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A Strip Mine
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Oil

• 600 Billion metric tons
• ½ is recoverable
• Gone in 30 years
• In 2000, proven reserves 650 billion barrels
• Mostly in Middle East
• Problems
• Contains high sulfur
• 3-6 million metric tons in ocean/year

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Oil Reserves
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Refining Oil
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Hubberts Peak
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Modern Prediction
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Natural Gas

• Third largest commercial fuel
• Only ½ CO2 as oil
• Difficult to store and transport
• Could last 60 years

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Nuclear Power

• Derived from splitting atoms
• Relatively cheap energy
• Problems
• Radiation kills
• Nuclear waste

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Nuclear Fission
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Nuclear Reactor
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Renewable Energy
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Renewable as Part of the Whole
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Solar Energy

• Using energy from the sun to do work
• Very little waste

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Passive Solar
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Solar Oven
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Active Solar
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Photovoltaic Cells
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Fuel Cells

• Use electrochemical reactions to produce
  electricity
• Hydrogen is hard to store and transport
• About as efficient as the best fossil fuel engines

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A Fuel Cell
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Hydrogen Car
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Biomass

• Wood and other plant matter
• Burns much cleaner than fossil fuels
• Renewable fuel source
• 40 of worlds population uses wood
• Leads to deforestation

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Hydropower

• Falling water has a lot of energy
• In 1925, 40 of worlds energy came from
  hydropower
• Totally destroys ecosystems

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Hydroelectric Dam
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Wind Energy

• Pros
• Very Clean
• Very Abundant
• Cons
• Requires expensive storage

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U.S. Wind Potential
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Wind Generator
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Renewables
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Geothermal, Tidal and Wave Energy

• Geothermal
• Only useful in a few places
• Tidal and Wave Energy
• Lots of energy, but very hard to harness
• Potentially huge environmental impacts

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Geothermal Energy
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Wave Energy