Passive Fire Protection Design and Application

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Passive Fire ProtectionDesign and Application

• Ar Chee Soo Teng
• Ar Chong Lee Siong
• Pertubuhan Akitek Malaysia

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CONCEPTS OF FIRE SAFETY
1 EVACUATION
2 PASSIVE CONTAINMENT
3 ACTIVE INTERVENTION
4 ACCESS FOR FIRE FIGHTING AND RESCUE
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Compartmentation
UBBL

• 134 designation of purpose group
• 136 limits of compartment sizes
• 137 138 - compartment floors
• 140 separation of fire risk areas
• 215 vertical compartment wall
• 5th Schedule

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• 5th Schedule

Usage / purpose group limits of
dimensions Hotel / III Height gt
28m Floor area 2000m2 Volume
5500m3 Office / IV Height gt
28m Floor area no limit Volume
no limit Shops / V Floor area
2000m2 Volume 7000m3 Basement Car
Park / VIII Floor area no limit Volume
21,000m3
4,000m2 11,000m3 4,000m2 14,000m3 42,
000m3
UBBL Clause 136 with Automatic Sprinklers
limits shall be x 2
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1800m2 / flr
UBBL 215 Vertical separation
UBBL 137 Compartment Floors
UBBL 137 Compartment Floors
40,000m2 / flr ( 160,000m2 total )
UBBL 138(d) Compartment floor
40000m2 / flr
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Shop compartment limit 4,000m2 14,000m3
Compartment B No limits if At least 60 area
are shops Less than 280m2 each
Compartment A
Compartment C
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Basement compartment volume limit 42,000m2
Separation of vertical shaft
Compartment A
Compartment D
Compartment B
Compartment C
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Exits Considerations
UBBL

• 165 measurements of travel distance
• 166 minimum 2 separate exits
• 167 storey exits
• 171 horizontal exit
• 174 storey exit to lead to final exit
• 7th Schedule

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• 7th Schedule

Maximum Travel Distance Occupant load capacity
of exits Dead End / w Sprinklers ( e.g Stair
) Hotel 10m / 45m 2 pax /
room 45 Office 15m / 60m 10m2 per
person 60 (gross) Shops 15m /
45m street level 3m2 / pax 60 upper level
6m2 / pax 60 Basement 15m / 30m not
specified Basement garages limited to 30m
even with sprinklers
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storey exit
Final exit
Exit route
horizontal exit
Final exit
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Exit capacity calculation Hotel
UBBL 168, 175, 176, 177, 181

• Occupant load
• Capacity of Exits
• Exit width required
• Total exit width required
• redundancy calculation

2 pax X 40 rooms 80 pax / floor (By law 175)
45 per unit (By law 176 ,7th schedule),
80/45 1.77, say 1.8 (By law 176, 7th schedule)
1.8 X 550mm 990mm (By law 176, 7th schedule)
round up to 2 full units (By law 177,181)
therefore, 2 X 550mm 1100mm
Say 1 staircase inaccessible,
2-1 1, therefore min exit
width 1100mm
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Exit capacity calculation Office
UBBL 168, 175, 176, 177, 181

• Occupant load
• Capacity of Exits
• Exit width required
• Total exit width required
• redundancy calculation

Gross floor area 1800m2, 10 m2/pax,
therefore 1800/10 180 pax/floor
60 per unit (By law 176, 7th schedule),
180/60 3 (By law 176, 7th schedule)
3 X 550mm 1650mm (By law 176,7th Sch
Say 1 staircase inaccessible,
2-1 1, therefore the min exit width
1650mm
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Exit capacity calculation Shopping Podium
UBBL 168, 175, 176, 177, 181
Gross floor area 40 000 4000 (Atrium) 36
000m2, 6m2 / pax, therefore 36 000 / 6 6000
pax / floor

• Occupant load
• Capacity of Exits
• Exit width required
• Total exit width required
• redundancy calculation

60 per unit (By law 176, 7th schedule),
6000 / 60 100 (By law 176, 7th schedule)
100 X 550mm 55 000mm (By law 176,7th schedule)
Say 1 staircase inaccessible,
14-1 13,

therefore the min exit width 55 000mm/13
4200mm
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Exit capacity calculation Basement carpark
UBBL 168, 175, 176, 177, 181
Gross floor area 40 000, assume 2 pax/car and
40m2/car, therefore 40 000/40 1000 car or 2000
pax/floor

• Occupant load
• Capacity of Exits
• Exit width required
• Total exit width required
• redundancy calculation

Compare 2000 to 6000 (shopping), factor
reduction 1/3
55 000 / 3 18300 mm (By law 176, 7th schedule)
Say 1 staircase inaccessible,
14-1 13,

therefore the min exit width 18 300mm / 13
1400mm
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storey exit
Final exit
Exit route
horizontal exit
Final exit
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Exit route to discharge direct to final exit
Exit route to discharge direct to final exit
Basement
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Travel distance

• UBBL 165
• 7th Schedule
• Dead end
• initial travel distance before a point where an
  alternative path becomes available
• Direct distance
• Stipulates that travel distance must be measured
  along the actual path of travel
• Open plan
• Where an actual path of travel cannot be
  determined, the direct distance can be measured
  as a straight line direct to the exit. Permitted
  travel distance is then reduced to 2/3.

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Protection of stairs and lobbies
UBBL

• 196, 197 - smoke lobbies, protected lobbies
• 198, 199, 200, 201 ventilation of stairs
• 229 fire fighting lobbies

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Protection of stairs and lobbies

• Protected Lobby protected lobby separated or
  isolated from fire and smoke infiltration
• Smoke Lobby a protected lobby primarily to
  isolate staircases from smoke infiltration
• ventilated lobby protected/smoke lobby by
  means of natural ventilation from outside
• Fire Fighting Access Lobby a protected lobby
  designed for fire fighting access

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PROTECTED / PRESSURISED
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Room lt 6 pax
gt 45o
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UBBL 229
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60m
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UBBL Clause 140 Volume of building gt 112,000m3
hence, island site
Hydrants to be located at max. 90m intervals
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Thank you
Thank you
Thank you