MANAGING CHANGE LEARNING OBJECTIVES

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MANAGING CHANGELEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Describe the nature of change
• Explain the essential components in the change
  process
• Understand the leaders role in the change
  process
• Define resistance to change and its function
• List tactics for dealing with resistance to change

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TYPES OF CHANGE

• INCREMENTAL
• Linear
• Continuous
• Targeted at fixing or modifying problems or
  procedures

• TRANSFORMATIVE
• Radical
• Discontinuous
• Multidimensional
• Multilevel
• Modifies fundamental structures, systems,
  orientation, strategies

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CRITICAL MASS

• The smallest number of people and/or groups who
  must be committed to a change for it to occur

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LEWINS PROCESS OF CHANGE
UNFREEZING
MOVING
REFREEZING
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• Change is a process, not an event or a managerial
  edict

Technical solution
Process
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STEPS IN THE CHANGE PROCESS
Determining the need for change
Forming a guiding coalition
Evaluating the change
Developing a shared vision
Implementing the change
Creating a tentative plan
Communicating the change
Analyzing potential resistance
obtaining participation
Establishing an Implementation plan
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WHEN IS CHANGE FEASIBLE?

• C (D X S X P) gt X
• C Change
• D Dissatisfaction with the status quo
• S An identifiable and desired end state
• P A practical plan for achieving the desired
  end state
• X The cost of change to the organization

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ROLE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERS

• Envisioning articulate a clear, credible
  vision, set standards, generate pride in past
  accomplishments and enthusiasm
• Energizing demonstrate excitement, model
  behaviors, communicate early successes to
  mobilize energy
• Enabling provide necessary resources and reward
  new behaviors, build top-man-agement team and
  processes to support change

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RESISTANCE TO CHANGE

• A natural reaction to change
• Part of the adaptation process
• Something else to manage
• Understand the source
• Listen carefully to concerns
• Refrain from seeing resisters as adversaries
• Use the appropriate tactic in response

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SOURCES OF RESISTANCE

• Inadequate change goals
• Inadequate change processes
• Personal resistance
• Political resistance
• Systemic resistance

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TACTICS FOR DEALING WITH RESISTANCE

• Empathy
• Education and communication
• Participation and involvement
• Facilitation and support
• Co-optation
• Negotiation and agreement
• Manipulation
• Coercion

Commitment
Compliance