Engines and Fuels

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Engines and Fuels
The Fuel Effect ProjectEngines and Fuels
Rolf Egnell and Uwe Horn
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Engines and Fuels
Rationale for Fuel Research
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Engines and Fuels
Predictable Future

• Political instability, exhausted oil reserves and
  the climate change will urge on the development
  of bio-mass based (or CO2 neutral) fuels.
• The extractable bio-mass energy/year will be far
  less than what the fossil based annual energy
  supply has been ? Reduced Well to - Wheel
  energy usage.
• Maintained or sharpened emission standards ?
  Further developed fuels, combustion processes and
  exhaust after treatment

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Engines and Fuels
Production of Fuels from Different Feedstock
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Engines and Fuels
Production of Fuels from Different Feedstock no
Fossil
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Engines and Fuels
Suggested Fuel Research

• Exploration of the potential of bio fuels (RME
  and oxygenates) in advanced diesel combustion
  processes. Partly Premixed Combustion (PPC)
• Adaptation and optimization of Diesel engines for
  bio fuels (oxygenates) using HCCI experience and
  knowledge. Diffusive/PPC combustion.
• Relate the HCCI operating regime to fuel
  properties. Suggest methods to categorize fuels
  for HCCI engines.

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Engines and Fuels
Outline

• Personal presentation
• What has been done? - 1st phase
• How to continue? - 2nd phase

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Engines and Fuels
Main goal

• find optimal balance between
• Today's Diesel engine technology with highly
  refined fuels
• More advanced engine technology with less refined
  fuels

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Engines and Fuels
Done - 1st phase

• Literature survey on Diesel fuel alternatives and
  fuel parameters
• HR analyses of measurement data from a HSDI
  Diesel engine fuelled with Euro-DF and RME at low
  load conditions

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Engines and Fuels
Results Exhaust gas emissions
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Engines and Fuels
Results Distillation curve
FCN
ICN
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Engines and Fuels
Results HR-Analysis
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Engines and Fuels
Results
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Engines and Fuels
Results
Parameter ED RME
flashpoint C 64 gt1102
water content ppm lt2001 lt3002
Density (15C) g/l 834,9 8832
viscosity mm2/s (40C) 2.575 4.553
viscosity mm2/s (100C) 1.153 1.933
surface tension N/m 26.53 293
sulfur content ppm 49 5
aromate content vol 18 0
LHV MJ/kg 43.16 383
C mass 86.37 77.4
H mass 13.63 12.1
O mass 0 10.5
CN - 51.3 56
ICN - 253 563
FCN - 703 553

• Important fuel parameters

• diffusive, locally fuel rich combustion
• emissions can be mitigated by means of
• EGR
• Rail pressure
• Injection strategy
• if fuel characteristics are known!

1 EN 590 2 E DIN 51 606 3 typical analysis data
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Engines and Fuels
Project continuation - 2nd phase

• Less refined fuel pure methanol
• Research which test arrangements have to be
  provided to obtain combustion with methanol
• Research Diesel/PPC/HCCI-combustion
  characteristics for low cetane fuels

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Engines and Fuels

• Establish engine test rig

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Engines and Fuels
Establish engine test rig
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Engines and Fuels
Timetable
2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007 2007 2007
September September October November December January February
Intake/Exhaust System Power train Intake/Exhaust System Power train Intake/Exhaust System Power train Intake/Exhaust System Power train
Measurement Data Acquisition Evaluation software Measurement Data Acquisition Evaluation software Measurement Data Acquisition Evaluation software Measurement Data Acquisition Evaluation software Measurement Data Acquisition Evaluation software
EGR control system Injection control system EGR control system Injection control system EGR control system Injection control system EGR control system Injection control system
Reference and supplementary measurements with Euro Diesel Fuel RME Reference and supplementary measurements with Euro Diesel Fuel RME Reference and supplementary measurements with Euro Diesel Fuel RME
Methanol Methanol Methanol
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Engines and Fuels
Methanol

• intake air heating
• glow plug assistance
• warm EGR
• increased rc
• NVO (Cargine System)
• improve ICN with PEG / RME
• improve FCN

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Engines and Fuels
Thank you for your attention.