Industrial Revolution

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Industrial Revolution

• The First 1760-1850
• The Machine Age

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Industrial Revolution

• Changed the way people live
• What was life like before machines
• How did people travel, Cook, Clean, Work, Bathe,
  Communicate,
• Capitalism became the dominate economy for
  America and Europe
• The Workers of this time paid a heavy
  price-sometime with their lives

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Industrial Revolution- preconditions

• Agricultural Revolution
• Rapid population growth
• Supply of Capital
• Entrepreneurial Spirit
• Abundant Natural Resources
• Good Transportation
• Government friendly to industrialization
• Supply of markets

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Agricultural Revolution

• Increased supply of food
• How did this happen?
• Technology and science
• Crop rotation
• selective breeding
• fertilizers
• Increased productiondecreased prices
• Improved healthlonger life
• More disposable income

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Rapid Population Growth

• Direct result of the Agricultural Revolution
• Drop in birth rate
• Fewer Famines
• Improving hygiene
• The IR will need lots of workers to run and
  repair the machines

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Supply of Capital

• Money is needed to start factories and purchase
  machines
• Banking and credit institutions are popping up in
  many cities
• Mercantilism made countries rich, they invest the
  wealth in their own economy using the ideas of
  capitalism
• Concept of national dept emerges
• countries borrow money WOW that was something new

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Entrepreneurial Spirit

• Must be willing to take risks
• Greedy-profit is the bottom line
• Adopt and embrace new ideas-progress
  (enlightened idea)

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Abundant Natural Resources

• Coal was needed to power the machines
• Iron and other metals were needed to build and
  repair the machines
• Water would also be needed to power the machines

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Good Transportation

• Resources must be moved from location to location
• Goods that are made in factories must be
  transported to markets

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Government Friendly to industrialization

• A place where business could grow with little
  interference from government
• no restrictions on labor-profit-environment-or
  otherwise
• True Laissez Faire economy (Adam Smith was loving
  it)
• This would allow a strong industrial base to form

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Supply of Market

• People to sell your stuff to
• Some one must want or need the items produced in
  a factory
• Well just think they need them
• These people need money to buy the stuff with

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Who had all this things at the right place and at
the right time?

• Great Britain of course
• They were leaders in the 18th century AR
• Mercantilism had made them very rich
• They were greedy and innovated
• They had invested in new roads and canals
• no place in Britain is more than 40 miles from
  navigable water
• The had the worlds largest empire with plenty of
  employees and customers

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Dont Forget

• They had the worlds largest merchant marines to
  connect all their holdings

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Textiles

• Most industrial revolutions will start in the
  Textile industry
• Improvements must be made-James Kay invented the
  Flying shuttle-improving weaving
• James Hargreaves invented the spinning Jenny for
  spinning yarn
• Edmund Cartwright invented the Power loom for
  cloth-water/steam powered

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This promoted a switch in fabric choice

• Wool was the standard-itchy-hard to clean-
• Cotton is softer, easy to clean, breaths, fewer
  skin diseases and rashes-quack

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Shift from water to steam power

• Water drawbacks-quack
• James watt-first true steam engine he was
  repairing a Newcomen single stroke
  piston/cylinder vacuum engine
• Steam powered the early part of the IR

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Steam power

• James watt-first true steam engine he was
  repairing a Newcomen single stroke
  piston/cylinder vacuum engine
• Steam powered the early part of the IR
• The Steam engine powered the industrial
  revolution-Quack

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Heat the water to make the steam

• Burn Coal
• GB depleted their forests rely heavily on coal
• The need for more coal led to more mining the
  mines filled up with water and that raises the
  need for steam engines to pump out the water in
  the mines

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Metals-quack

• Iron
• Steam engines needed tight fitting parts this led
  to better quality iron
• Henry Cort used coke or cooked coal this was
  hotter and made better iron

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Transportation quack

• Railroads
• Were human or animal pulled
• First seam locomotive(1804) Richard
  Trevethick-quack
• It traveled 5mph
• By 1850 they traveled at 50mph
• Myth the limit of speed humans could endure

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Just showing off all the new stuff

• Worlds fair 1851
• The Great exhibition
• Held where?
• You guessed it-GB
• Prince Albert-(husband to queen Victoria) gave a
  speech here about conquering nature according to
  Gods will???

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Worlds Fair

• It was held the Londons Crystal Palace made
  entirely of iron and glass and covered 19 acres

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Look at Britain by 1850-Quack

• Produced ½ of the worlds coal
• Their cotton industry generated more money than
  all of Europe's other industries combined

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The cycle-Quack Quack

• The industrial revolution feeds off its self
• Everything was interrelated
• Innovation and invention in one area leds to
  invention and innovation in another area
• Necessity is the mother of invention

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America was not far behind 1790-1850

• Began in textiles
• Corporate espionage
• British immigrant Samuel Slater teamed up with
  moses Brown in Pawtucket R.I.
• New England was the core of the IR

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Differences of the American experience

• We took the new technology and put it in the
  fields-Agriculture-Quack
• Cyrus McCormick-Reaper-Quack
• John Deere-light weight iron plow-Quack
• Rail Roads connect East to West but not North to
  south (oh no!)
• The industrial revolution was a powerful force
  for the north and west as for the south not so
  much!-Still rely on slave labor-quack

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IR in America-successful

• Steam Boats-Robert Fulton 1807
• Promoted more trade between East and West in USA
• The west Grew the food the East specifically the
  North East shipped it out
• The south well, They will declare cotton king and
  go about their business for another 50 years
  until the civil war

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Fail to industrialize and look at what could
happen-take Ireland

• Ireland was enjoying the benefits of the
  Columbian Exchange-more food better health
  Population growth-Quack
• In Ireland we have no industrialization
• Old fashion agriculture based on single crop
  production-that crop was potatoes
• 1840s Famine-the only nation in the world whos
  pop today is less than it was 150ys ago- many
  will come to the USA and work in our
  factories-Quack