Third World Patterns

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Third World Patterns

• Presented by Adeesha Hack
• January 20,1999

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Purpose of this Presentation

• Democracy
• Inequality
• Economic growth
• Religious beliefs
• Political system

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Exploring different theories

• Theory 1
• Economic growth is positively related to democracy

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Rising economic growth

• Africa
• CAF 4.9b Nigeria 5.7b Togo 14.6b Egypt 8b
  Kenya 4b
• S. Asia
• India 47.4b Bangladesh 10.8b
• Latin America
• Argentina 18.4b Mexico 32.3b Columbia 19.5b

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Democracy in the South

• Most democratic nations
• Belize, Trinidad Tobago, Malta (7)
• Argentina, Bangladesh, Botswana, Panama,
  Venezuela (6)
• Least democratic nations
• Somalia, Iraq, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Rwanda (1)

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Is economic growth linked to democracy?Rating 1
(least democratic) to 7 (most democratic)

• Bangladesh, Argentina (6)
• CAF, Columbia (5)
• India, Mexico (4)
• Egypt, Togo, Kenya (2)
• Nigeria (1)

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• Theory 2
• Income inequality has an impact on democracy over
  time
• That is, as a developing nation initially
  experiences economic growth, inequality rises
  and democracy becomes unstable

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Measuring Income InequalityGINI index

• What does the GINI index measure?
• - wealth gap
• - published annually in World Development Report
  (WB)
• Is there a link between democracy, growth and
  inequality?

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Taking a closer look (1999)

• Most unequal nations
• 50-60
• Brazil
• South Africa
• Columbia
• Panama
• Zimbabwe
• Chile
• Honduras
• Guatemala
• Niger

• Most equal nations
• 28-32
• Bangladesh
• Rwanda
• India
• Sri Lanka
• Pakistan
• Egypt
• Ghana

Points of Reference Canada 31.5 Sweden 25
USA 40
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Take note
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• Theory 3
• There are only 2 ways a nations economic growth
  can have a positive impact on democracy.
• 1) political culture (ie education)
• 2) social structure is altered

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Education vs. Democacy
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Also...
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• Theory 4
• Religion plays a part in democratic development.
  Specifically, Islamic nations are adverse to
  democracy. (Huntington)

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Islam and Democracy

• 7.0 (none)
• 6.0 Bangladesh
• 5.0 Algeria, Pakistan
• 4.0 Jordan, Comoros
• 3.0 Morocco, Iran
• 2.0 Maldives, Oman
• 1.0 Brunei, Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan, Saudi
  Arabia, Mauritania

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In conclusion

• Lipset relationship between democracy and
  economic development
• Dahl economic development and other factors
  increase democracy
• Huntington economic development and political
  leadership increase democracy

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More theories

• Theory 5
• Economic growth does not necessarily improve
  living conditions.

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A Look at Africa - HDI GDP/capita
Botswana .652 Gabon .562 Mauritius .831 Namibia
.570 Seychelles .845 Swaziland .582
Atlas
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• Good society wealthy, just, democratic, orderly,
  control of affairs
• Backward society poor, inequitable, repressive,
  violent dependent
• Theory 6
• Compatibility. A society could and has to make
  progress towards all goals simultaneously. They
  are supportive of each other.

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Locomotive Train Theory

• Liberal economic growth first
• Marxist equity first
• Dependency break chain of independence first

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In Conclusion...

• What does this all mean?