Lecture 1: Introduction

1

CS 539 Spring 2006 Mobile
Networks Computing

• Lecture 1 Introduction
• February 14, 2006
• Prof. Maria Papadopouli
• University of Crete
• University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• maria_at_cs.unc.edu

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Roadmap

• Short bio statement
• Pervasive computing introduction
• Definition
• Pervasive computing systems
• Aura
• Sensors
• Telematics
• Smart homes
• Seminar mechanics

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Why I am excited with this seminar

• Great research area!
• Pervasive computing
• Wireless measurements
• Location-sensing
• Mobile computing applications
• Energy conservation
• Experimenting with cutting-edge technologies

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What else you can get from this seminar ?

• Learn how to
• Do research
• Review present papers
• Write papers
• Do team-work
• Keep research journal
• Great opportunity to
• Find a topic/start your B.Sc. or M.Sc. Thesis
• Check if you would like to be a graduate student
• Receive tips advices for graduate studies

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The Wireless Century

• 19th century invention of the telegraph,
  telephone
• 20th century radio, television, computers
• 21th century the second Information Age
• Wireless Century of Pervasive Computing

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Pervasive Computing

• The most profound technologies are those that
  disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric
  of everyday life until they are indistinguishable
  from it." Mark Weiser, 1991

Pervasive computing is the method of enhancing
computer use by making many computers available
throughout the physical environment but
effectively invisible to the user.
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Weisers Vision

• The creation of environments saturated with
  computing and communication capability yet
  gracefully integrated with human users
• After two decades of hardware progress, many
  critical elements of pervasive computing that
  were exotic in 1991 are now viable commercial
  products handheld and wearable computers,
  wireless LANs, and devices to sense and control
  appliances
• Well-positioned to begin the quest for Weiser's
  vision

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Constraints in Pervasive Computing

• The most precious resource in a computer system
  is no longer its processor, memory, disk or
  network. Rather, it is a resource not subject to
  Moore's law

User
Attention Today's systems distract a user in
many explicit implicit ways, thereby reducing
his effectiveness.
Satya from CMU
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Aura Project _at_ CMU
Satya
http//www-2.cs.cmu.edu/aura/
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'Robot Tarzan' helps forest work

• Distributed sensors acquire environmental
• info (changes in light, humidity,
• carbon dioxide levels)
• Give crucial indications predictions about
  environmental change
• Monitor plants (and even leaves!) over time using
  spectrographic imaging
• Have a server communicate with other devices
  sensors
• Go to specific locations of interest takes
  samples or analyzes particular areas

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Sensors for global warming studies

• Sensors embedded probes into the largest ice cap
  on mainland Europe (Jostedalsbreen, Norway)
• Use of glacial activity to trace current global
  warming patterns predict future climate changes

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Sensors
Motes

• Signals at 902MHz over 40 feet at 19.2Kbps
• Small devices 1.2x1.1
• Its transmitters use 1,000 times less power of
  cellular phones
• Dust networks, wireless base stations, very
  small, powered by AA batteries

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Research in Sensor Networks

• ENS systems are characterized by energy
  constraints, irregular configurations,
  time-varying topology, large scale
• Design and deployment of long-lived
  self-configuring sensor networks
• Energy-efficient data dissemination and discovery
• Location-sensing

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Wearable computing
www.bodymedia.com
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UNC tracker
ceiling panels housing LEDs
miniature camera cluster
http//www.cs.unc.edu/tracker/index.html
sub-millimeter position accuracy and resolution
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Virtual Reality vs. Augmented Reality vs.
Pervasive Computing
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Wired vs. Wireless Access

• USB
• Ethernet
• DSL

• UWB
• IEEE802.11b 11Mbps, 2.4GHz
• IEEE802.11a 54Mbps, 5GHz
• IEEE802.16 40Mbps per channel, 10-66GHz
• 3-10km mile range
• Mobile networks with 15Mbps in a cell

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Cell Phone as Remote Control

• Wireless wallpaper (made by kapto) isolates
  wireless LAN, lets cellular out in a british
  aerospace company
• New DoCoMo phone lets you unlock doors, buy
  sodas,
• 90s told us that content matters a lot!

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NTT DOCOMO
http//www.nttdocomo.com/corebiz/ubiquity/roppongi
.html

• Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag small
  sophisticated radio
• transmitter with a transmission radius of
  approximately 10 m
• Transmits the tag's identification signal at
  regular intervals
• Allows the user to transmit the ID signal at
  will.
• Use RFID tags with mobile phones or other
  communication devices
• make it possible to provide location, time, and
  other useful information
• tailored to individual user needs.

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Telematics

• Entertainment
• Useful information
• Contribution to safety (e.g.,Teleaid,
  Telediagnosis)
• Microprocessors, display, voice recognition
• Telematic services by the end of 2006
• 90 of all luxury cars will offer telematic
  services
• 50 of all cars
• Examples OnStar, UConnect bluetooth-enabled
  car kit

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Telematics (contd)

• Within Germany gt 4,000 motorway sensors
  nationwide gather data non-stop to inform
  motorists of all developments as they happen.
• Navigation systems offer suitable alternative
  routes immediately if a traffic jam is reported.

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Home Smart Home

• Memory aids
• where did I put that bill ?
• Remote control for appliances
• e.g., gesture pendant that recognizes and
  translates gestures
• Context aware computing challenges
• How you define context ? Detection of false
  positives ? Benchmarking ?
• http//www.cc.gatech.edu/fce/ahri/projects/index.h
  tml

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Seminar Topics

• Wireless data access
• IEEE 802.11, bluetooth, and other wireless
  technologies
• Mobile peer-to-peer systems
• Location-sensing systems
• Location-dependent services
• Energy measurements conservation
• Measurements on wireless networks
• Routing protocols for mobile devices
• Sensor networks
• Security issues on wireless access

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Class Mechanics

• Q Is a seminar just like a course ?
• NO !
• Several students presentations
• No final exams
• Research paper or system implementation
• Great opportunity to find interesting research
  projects, prepare B.Sc. Thesis, learn about
  graduate studies, summer internships, and
  experiment with new technology,

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Seminars Meetings

• Lectures
• Tue 3-5 Fri 5-7 _at_ B211
• Office hours
• Meet with each group in individual basis (TBA)
• Participation in the Mobile Computing Group
  meetings
• Send me an email and will include you in the
  mobile_at_ics.forth.gr

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Seminar Information On-Line

• Web page
• http//www.csd.uoc. gr/hy539
• Email list
• hy539-list_at_csd.uoc.gr
• To subscribe
• 1. send an email to majordom_at_csd.uoc.gr
  without any subject and with body text
  subscribe hy539-list
• 2. a confirmation email should come back to
  you

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Textbooks

• 802.11 Wireless Networks, The definitive guide.
  Matthew S. Gast, O'Reilly, 2002, ISBN
  0-596-00183-5
• 802.11 Wireless LAN Fundamentals a practical
  guide to understanding, designing, and operating
  802.11WLANS, Roshan, Leary, CiscoPress.com
• Reading material at the course web page

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Additional Textbooks (not required)

• Ad Hoc Networking. Charles E. Perkins, Addison
  Wesley, 2001, ISBN 0-20130976-9
• Computer Networking A Top-Down Approach Featuring
  the Internet. James F. Kurose and Keith W. Ross,
  Addison Wesley, 2002, ISBN 0-201-477114
• Wireless Communications Principles and Practice.
  Theodore S. Rappaport, Prentice Hall (Second
  Edition), ISBN 0-13-042232-0

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TAs info
Elias Raftopoulos eraftop_at_csd.uoc.gr Manolis
Ploumidis ploumid_at_csd.uoc.gr Check out their
logs _at_ http//www.csd.uoc.gr/eraftop.
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Grading

• Project assignment 40
• Presentation one paper review from each
  thematic area 40
• Final demo/presentation 10
• Log and participation in the class 10
• Evaluation at the end of each presentation
• Mid-term evaluation of your project

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Resources infrastructure

• PCMCIA cards (IEEE802.11b, bluetooth), laptops,
  PDAs, GPS, IEEE802.11b APs, wireless camera,
  sensors
• Sophisticated infrastructure for monitoring of
  the wireless infrastructure (more than 500
  wireless APs)
• Lots of wireless measurement traces ready for
  analysis
• Technical books
• Contacts with mobile computing researchers from
  all over the world