The History and Development of

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The History and Development of
Brasswinds
Name Howard Lin(???) Teacher Lily Hsu
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Motivation

• In concerts, I see that brasswinds are a large
  family of instruments, and I have also joined the
  school band in junior high school and played
  trombone, which is ones of the brasswinds. So I
  wanted to organize a collective history of
  brasswinds.

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Purposes

• 1. The relationship among the brasswinds.
• 2. The reason why simple instruments have
  developed into more complicated ones.
• 3. A reader guide easy for people to look up the
  entire story, the history of single instruments
  and instruments at a particular time.

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Preface

• In ancient times, creative children played, and
  they had invented many not so practical but fun
  things, including instruments. They used what
  they knew and saw and played it. In the musical
  instrument family, brasswinds are a large and old
  family. So here I am going to introduce the
  history and development of them.

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Term Explanations

• Bore type
• Conical bore tubing is tapered from mouthpiece
  shank to bell.
• Cylindrical bore the sides of the tubing,
  excepting in the bell and lead pipe, are parallel
  to each other.
• Bell the large opening at the front or on the
  top of the brasswinds.
• Mouthpiece the smooth, round opening at the
  small end of the horn.
• Cup mouthpiece
• Funnel-type mouthpiece
• Natural instruments they only have one tube and
  dont have any valves, keys or slides.

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Ancient Times
from messenger to instrument
the first horn
Animals horn
horn
trumpet
bugle
trumpet (natural, straight)--1352
natural horn
(omitted)
Artificial
trumpet (bended) --1400s
post horn, etc.
Bending
Slide
sackbut 1450s
(alto, bass, contrabass) --1700s
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The First Horn

• Animal horns In ancient times, brasswinds were
  simply a horn of cows, goats or other animals.
  People blow it from the small end to make very
  loud noises that could carry far away.

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Artificial Horns

• Smelting techniques allow people to make
  artificial ones. Because brass was soon widely
  used, the instruments were called brasswinds.

• The earliest example was the natural trumpet in
  the tomb of Egypt king Tutankhamun (date from
  1352 B.C.)

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The Tube Is Bent

• Because the instruments were too long to carry,
  people bent it into a circle or other shapes, so
  theyre easy to carry and still have their
  length.

?Post horn
?Baroque trumpet
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The Three Families
when brasswind family grew large

• This is an important part of ancient brasswinds.
  Because of the technique of bending tubing, many
  types of instruments came out and set the basis
  of later brasswinds.

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Trumpet

• Cup mouthpiece
• Cylindrical bore,
• forward-facing configuration
• blaring tone.
• Ancestor the natural trumpet

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Trumpet-1

• 1. Trumpet
• Early 1400s, the tubing was bended.
• Used for the announcement of some important
  people coming.
• Decorated with some carving and flags.

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Trumpet-2

• 2. Sackbut
• Middle 1400
• Added a sliding tube on it, called sackbut.
  There was tenor ones.
• In the 1700s, alto, bass and contrabass came
  out. It was the forerunner of trombone.

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Horn

• Funnel-type mouthpiece
• Conical bore
• Circular configuration
• Pleasing tone.
• Simply a circular tube, a mouthpiece and a bell,
  called natural horn.

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Bugle

• Deep cup mouthpiece
• Conical bore
• Forward facing configuration
• More pleasing tone than trumpet
• Easy to carry, becoming a military instrument.

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Keys and Valve s World
The turning point of ancient and modern

• Reason music became the usage, and people needed
  more playable instruments
• Result moderate the brasswinds

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Techniques-1

• 1. Keys
• 1810
• Joseph Halliday
• named it Kent horn or Royal Kent

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Techniques-2

• 2. Rotors

• Two inventors, Bluhmel and Stoezel, added this
  design to a horn in 1818. (right, valved horn)

The way rotor works
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Techniques-3

• 3. Pistons
• Wilhelm Wieprecht
• simpler than the rotor design, become used
  commonly on most brasswinds

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Trumpet-1

• 1. Trumpet
• early 1800s
• Germans
• Usually with three valves.
• High scale, bright tone

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Trumpet-2

• 2. Trombone
• 1800s
• wider bell ,louder sound, became trombone.
• A complete family soprano, alto, bass, tenor and
  contrabass.

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Horn Bugle-1

• 1. Cornet
• Cornet ordinaire
• France, 1828
• Halary
• added valves to the circular Posthorn,
• Cornopean
• Few years later,
• a bell-forward instrument of more flattened
  proportions
• called the cornet-a-pistons, or known as the
  cornopean(right).

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Horn Bugle-1

• Cornet
• The original ones had the pistons on the far
  right, and the second farther because of the
  length of third finger.

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Horn Bugle-2

• 2. Saxhorn
• the biggest family in the 1800s.
• 1840 to 1844, Adolphe Sax
• Configurations
• the helical design bell upraised at
  approximately a 45 degree angle.
• Sax controlled most of the instrument production.
  
• Saxhorn family grew large, but also limited the
  development of horn brasswinds.

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Horn Bugle-3

• 3. Flugelhorn
• Flugel means flank, part of army or hunting
  group.
• Originally used in hunting.
• Actually a bugle, now its a keyed bugle.
• Flugelhorn gained valves, not keys.

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Brasswinds Nowadays
the end of Sax empire

• Reason 1855 Sax lost a lawsuit filed by Antoine
  Courtois and the right of producing saxhorns and
  some other instruments.
• Result Before, Saxhorns were a large family and
  an independent system. But when this system was
  destroyed, brasswinds can develop into more types
  and kinds.

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Brasswinds Nowadays
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Trumpet-1

• 1. Trumpet
• Not impacted by the inventions in the horn
  family, so it was similar to it was.
• Also four or more pistons trumpet to increase the
  range, but the three-piston-trumpet is still the
  most widely used.

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Trumpet-2

• 2. Trombone
• The entire family were mostly replaced by valve
  instruments.
• Tenor and contrabass trombones in symphony
  orchestras.
• The sopranos in trombone bands.
• Some gained triggers, or valves, like the
  contrabass one in the picture.

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Horn Bugle-1

• 1. Cornet
• Courtois
• pistons in the middle , shepherds crook at the
  beginning of the bell tube.

• The shepherd crook(left square) has nothing to do
  with the sound but to shorten the length of the
  tubing.

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Horn Bugle-2

• 2. Baritone
• Tenor Saxhorn.
• Courtois first manufactured it.

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Horn Bugle-3

• 3. Mellophone
• after winning the lawsuit
• Courtois
• Koeing horn circular, the pistons on the right
  side.
• Developed from cornopean, or cornet-a-pistons.
• 1868, Boosey Co, later called Ballad horn. A
  bass instrument made by Boosey Co.
• Earliest example called mellophone 1881, a copy
  of Ballad horn.

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Horn Bugle-4

• 4. French horn
• Actually a horn.
• Circular shape.
• Rotors are placed on the left side
• Player puts the right hand in the bell to create
  a mellow sound.
• Usually a double horn, with one more rotor to
  change the key.

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Tuba

• Because tubas are instruments that can play low
  pitch, they are just invented and arent much
  related to others, but most of them are valved
  brasswinds. They will be introduced here.

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Tuba-1

• 1. Serpent
• 1590.
• Edme Guillaume ,France
• Mostly made of wood ,covered with leather.
• used to support the bottom part in church.
• Made like a snake to shorten the length.
• Anaconda, the largest one.
• 1840

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Tuba-2

• 2. Ophicleide
• 1821.
• Halliday
• A bass Kent horn

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Tuba-3

• 3. The first instrument called tuba
• 1835.
• Wilhelm Wieprecht ,Johann Gottfried Moritz
• Conical bore
• Wider tube
• Deeper mouthpiece
• Related to cornet a pistons

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Tuba-4

• 4. Euphonium
• 1845
• Sommers of Weimar
• A great range.

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Tuba-5

• 5. Helicon
• around 1845 ,Russia
• could be carried on shoulder for marching band.
• Sousaphone
• 1893, J. W. Pepper first manufactured Sousaphone
• 1898, C. G. Conn

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The End
Thank you for listening