Mobile and Pervasive Computing

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CSCI485 Mobile Computing

• AY2005/2006 Semester 2
• Introduction Chapter 1
• Prof. Ahmed Sameh

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CSCI 485

• Course home page http//www.cs.aucegypt.edu/same
  h
• Mon-Wed. 430pm schedule, lecture notes, research
  tutorials, projects, grading, office hours, etc.
  
• Textbook Amjad Umar, Mobile Computing and
  Wireless Communications, NGE Solutions,
  Publication Date July 2004
• Lecturer Ahmed Sameh (FL 729)
• Grading Class participation (5), Midterm I
  (20), Midterm II (20),
• Attend (5), Group Project (20), Final exam
  (30)
  
• Class participation includes participation in
  both lectures and Intels research tutorials
  (attendance, asking and answering questions,
  presenting possible solutions to research
  tutorial questions), Project presentation.
• Note that attendance at every lecture and
  tutorial will be taken and constitutes part of
  the class participation grade.
  
• Midterm tests (in class, 1 hr) and final exam (2
  hrs) are all open-book
  

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Chapter 1 Mobile Computing and Wireless
Communications -- Overview

• Framework for discussion
• Business drivers M-Business, M-Government,
  M-Life
• Mobile Applications
• Platforms to support mobile commerce
• Wireless middleware
• Wireless Networks
• Cellular networks from 1 to 5G Networks
• Wireless LANs
• Satellites

Ahmed Sameh
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Overview

• Growing rapidly with many diverse applications
• Many strengths but a few weaknesses
• Different aspects of mobility
• People (customers, suppliers, employees)
• Devices (laptops, palm pilots, beepers, PDA,
  sensors)
• Networks wireless
• Mobile devices and wireless networks are not
  always same

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The Jargon
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Objectives

• Course Objectives
• What are the key mobile computing and wireless
  technologies and their roles
• What are the concepts/terms (vocabulary),
  building blocks and their interrelationships
• Theoretical and conceptual foundations
• Discuss
• state of the art
• state of the market
• state of the practice
• Depth with breadth

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Framework for Discussion
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Business Drivers Evolution from e-Business to
M-Business
HTML Web Sites ePurchasing eCRM eSCM
Mobility self serve customers no latency

Market differentiation through automation
HTML Web Sites ePurchasing eCRM eSCM
Next Generation Enterprise (m-Business)
e-Business (includes B2B)
HTML Web Sites ePurchasing
M-Government is following same pattern from
e-government to m-government
Basic e-Commerce (mainly C2B)
HTML Web Sites
Basic Website
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Mobile Computing Applications

• Enable the business initiatives by supporting
  mobility of
• Customers
• Suppliers and Businesses
• Employees
• Mobile computing applications
• Wireless messaging (e.g., SMS)
• Mobile ecommerce (M-Commerce) and its variants
• Positional commerce (p-commerce) .
• Voice commerce (v-commerce).
• Television commerce (T-Commerce)
• Mobile ebusiness applications (MEBAs), e.g.,
  M-CRM, M-portal
• Specialized applications
• Location sensitive apps
• Wireless sensor network apps
• Mobile agent apps
• Two views
• Mobile applications are fundamentally new
  applications.
• Mobility is another dimension of the existing
  applications

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Mobile Computing Applications Categorization
B2B
C2B, B2C
B2E, E2B
Business
Employees
Consumer
B2G, G2B
C2G, G2C
E2G, G2E
Citizens
Government
Employees
G2G
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Mobile Computing Platforms
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Internet as the Network Platform
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Wireless Web
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WAP(Wireless Application Protocol)

• Intended for data entry/display on cellular
  phones
• An open, global specification that empowers
  mobile users with wireless devices to
• easily access and interact with information and
  services instantly. www.wapforum.org
• Complete protocol stack similar to Internet
  protocols but optimized for wireless
• information pull and push transport layer and
  above across multiple wireless technologies

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WIRELESS NETWORKS

• Different type of wireless networks support
  mobile computing applications and platforms
• Cellular networks
• 1G to 5G
• Wireless LANs (802.11)
• Bluetooth
• Satellite systems
• Fixed Wireless Local loops
• Mobile Adhoc Networks

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• Issues unique to wireless
• Frequency allocation
• Multiple Access
• Location

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A Sample Wireless School
Link to Public Ethernet
C
D
T1 or DSL
LAN Server
Wireless LAN Cell
Wireless LAN Cell
Z
Y
Router
Wired Ethernet LAN

• X, Y, Z are
• access points
• for the wireless
• Ethernet LANs

Wireless LAN Cell
X

• A, B, C, D are
• student laptops

A
B
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Bluetooth

• Founders Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba
  May 98
• Currently Over 850 companies, V1.0 spec issued
  7/99
• Small form factor, low-cost, short range radio
  link between mobile PCs, phones and other
  portable devices
• Relatively fast, short packets
• Software for service and device discovery
• Typical application cellular phone to PDA or
  earphone
• Forecast 79 of digital handsets and gt 200
  million PCs will use Bluetooth by 2002 --
  Dataquest

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Bluetooth
PSTN
Access Point
Cellular Network
Wired LAN
Bluetooth Piconet (1 Mbps, 10 meters)
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Wireless Local Loops
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A Cellular Network
Cell 1
Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)
Mobile Telephone Switching Center (MTSC)
Cell 2
HLR
VLR
Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
Mobile User
HLR Home Location Register VLR Visitor
Location Register
Cordless connection
Wired connection
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Cellular networks What is 3G Anyway?

• 1G First generation wireless cellular Early
  1980s
• Analog transmission, primarily speech
• 2G Second generation wireless cellular Late
  1980s
• Digital transmission
• Primarily speech and low bit-rate data
• High-tier GSM, IS-95 (CDMA), etc
• Low-tier (PCS) Low-cost, low-power, low-mobility
  e.g. PACS
• 2.5G 2G evolved to medium rate (lt 100kbps) data
• 3G future Broadband multimedia
• 144 kbps - 384 kbps for high-mobility, high
  coverage
• 2 Mbps for low-mobility and low coverage

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Evolution to 3G
Data Rates
2 Mbps
3G (144Kbps to 2Mbps)
1 Mbps
100 Kbps
2.5G (10-150Kbps)
10 Kbps
2G (9.6Kbps)
1 Kbps
1G (lt1Kbps)
1980
2010
1990
2000
Years
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Wireless LANs

• First generation of products at about 1-2 Mbps
• Lucents WaveLAN, RadioLAN, etc.
• factor of 10 less bandwidth than current Ethernet
• Next generation of products at 10-11 Mbps
• factor of 10 less bandwidth than 100 Mbps
  Ethernet
• IEEE 802.11 standard
• very successful at present (wi-Fi)
• Can deliver up to 64 mbps
• Important niche and enterprise applications (e.g.
  hospitals)
• Increasing horizontal market interest (e.g. SOHO)

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Satellite Communications
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Other issues
Integration Security Management and support
Regulations and standards Wireless Business
and Industry
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Wireless Telephone Business
Wireless Management Business
Wireless Consulting Business
Wireless Data Network Business
Reference Model
7. Application
Applications (e.g., SMS, email, Wireless Web,
Mobile EC/EB)
Wireless Telephony Applications and Services
Wireless Application and Platform Management
Systems Consulting
6. Presentation
5. Session
4. Transport
IP Data Network Routing
PSTN Routing
3. Network
Wireless Network Management
Wireless Network Consulting and
Engineering Services
Physical Network Elements
2. Data Layer
(Cellular networks, Wireless LANs, Satellites,
Wireless Local Loops)
Call Switching
1. Physical
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Summary

• Mobile applications is a tremendous area of
  growth
• Business drivers such as M-Business are
  significant
• Mobile computing platforms have to handle special
  cases
• Slow line speeds (19.2 Kbps)
• Congestions are usual
• More error prone
• Different types of wireless networks
• Cellular
• Wireless LANs
• Satellites
• Wireless local loops
• Many emerging areas sensor networks, Mobile
  Adhoc Networks, Free Space Optics
• Many issues in Architectures, security and
  management
• Standards work is also progressing in many areas