Chapter Eight

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Chapter Eight

• Westward Expansion and a New Political Economy
• 1792-1820

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Westward Expansion

• A Native American Resistance
• Settlers, Speculators, and Slaves
• The Transportation Bottleneck

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Presidency of Thomas Jefferson

• Before Jefferson assumed the Presidency the
  Federalists passed the Judiciary Act 13 Feb. 1801
  also called the Midnight Judges.
• Creating numerous positions all filled by
  federalists.
• Led to the Marbury v. Madison Case.

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Marbury v. Madison

• Marbury appointed Justice of the Peace in the
  District of Columbia, part of the midnight judges
  appointed by President John Adams in the
  Judiciary Act of 1801. Jefferson prohibited
  Madison from issuing the commission to Marbury.
• Marbury sues for a Writ of Mandamus at the
  Supreme Court.

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Marbury Continued I

• John Marshall is the new Chief Justice of the
  Supreme Court.
• Marshall had to obvious possibilities
• Give Marbury his commission. However Madison
  with Jeffersons support would refuse to obey it.
  The court would have not authority to enforce
  their decision.
• If the court refused to give Marbury his
  commission, it would be admitting it could not
  control the executive branch.

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Marbury Continued II

• In either case the Judiciary and the Federalists
  would be humiliated and the triumph of the
  Jeffersonians would complete and obvious.
• The court decline to issue the Writ of Mandamus
  to Marbury, not because the court lacked power to
  do so, but by declaring the Judiciary Act of 1789
  unconstitutional.

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Attack on Judiciary

• After Marbury v. Madison case Jefferson when
  after Federalists Judges.
• John Pickering federal judge district of New
  Hampshire. Removed by senate from his post 12
  Mar. 1804.
• Samuel Chase associated Justice of the Supreme
  Court. He was impeached for high crimes but
  acquitted 1 mar. 1805.
• Closed Republicans campaign against Federalists.

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John Marshall 1801-1835
back
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Jefferson and The West

• Federalist Land Act 1796
• Land Act 1800 and 1804
• Land Act of 1820

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The Purchase ofLouisiana

• 20 Oct. 1803 Louisiana Purchase.
• Louisiana Territory 1682-1762 France owned the
  territory, by the treaty of Fontainebleu
  territory was given to Spain.
• By the treaty of San Ildefonso 1 Oct. 1800
  territory went back to France.
• Napoleonic Era 1799-1815.

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Louisiana Purchase

• Since 1801 Jefferson had looked at the Louisiana
  Territory as a necessity for the United States.
  Anyone other than us who possesses the Territory
  is our natural enemy.
• Had ordered Robert Livingston to offer 15,000,000
  for the mouth of mississippi and New Orleans.

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Napoleon Era Continued

• Napoleon wanted to start a North American empire.
• Jefferson was concerned about Napoleon and his
  plans. Jefferson wants Robert Livingston to
  acquire port or irrevocable guarantee of free
  navigation of Mississippi and right of deposit at
  New Orleans.

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North American Empire

• Between 1793 and 1801 Santo Domingo was in the
  hands of Toussaint LOverture, the Black
  Napoleon. The Original Napoleon in 1801
  dispatched 20,000 troops under General Charles
  Leclerc to reconquer the island.

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LOverture continued

• General Leclerc expedition to Santo Domingo was a
  complete disaster.
• Yellow fever ravished throughout the French army
  wiping out practically the entire command.
• Events in Santo Domingo discouraged Napoleon from
  a North American Empire.

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Louisiana Continued

• With the failure of the Santo Domingo campaign
  and the resumption of hostilities with England
  Napoleon decided to sell the whole of Louisiana
  to the United States.
• Talleyrand asked Livingston for 15 million for
  the whole of the Louisiana territory.

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Louisiana Continued

• Livingston and Monroe closed the deal.
• By the treaty of Cession 2 may 1803 Louisiana was
  purchased for 60 million francs or approx. 15
  million dollars.
• Actual price 11, 250,000.00 the remainder covered
  the debts, owed by France to U.S. citizens
• The purchase doubled the size of
• the U.S.

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Purchase Louisiana
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Essex Junto

• Fearing the the Louisiana purchase would shift
  the balance of power to the agrarian and frontier
  interests of the South and West gaining
  ascendancy over the commercial and Industrial
  interests of the Northeast.
• The Federalists decided to form a Northern
  Confederacy. To include the 5 New England states
  plus New York and New Jersey.

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Essex Junto Continued

• Essex Junto would back Burr for Governor of New
  York if went elected he would lead New York and
  New England out of the union.
• Hamilton lead in the defeat of Burr for governor
  of New York.
• 11 July 1804 duel between Burr-Hamilton at
  Weehawken, New Jersey.

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Burr-Hamilton duel 11 July 1804
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Burr Continued

• Burr after killing Hamilton left for the West,
  supposedly for the purpose of organizing a
  movement for separating the Western states from
  the United States.
• Conferred with Gen. James Wilkinson commander of
  U.S. forces in the Mississippi valley.

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Mansion on Blennerhasset,island on the Ohio River
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Burr Continued

• Left Blennerhasset Island with Aug. 1806 with 60
  to 80 men and 10 boats.
• Burr arrested in Alabama 19 Feb. 1807 and taken
  to Richmond, Virginia for trial.
• Marshall presided in trial and applied rule of
  treason in a strict manner.

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