COM369 Activity Planning Unit 2

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COM369 Activity PlanningUnit 2
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Introduction 1

• The unit will cover several methods
• Precedence analysis
• Gantt Charts
• PERT / CPA
• On Arrow Networks
• Precedence Networks
• Also ..
• Microsoft Project will be covered in labs
• This is based on Gantt Charts and Precedence
  Networks

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Introduction 2

• Activity Planning will help to
• ensure that the appropriate resources will be
  available precisely when required
• avoid different activities competing for the same
  resource at the same time
• produce a detailed schedule showing which staff
  carry out each activity
• Produce a detailed plan against which actual
  achievement may be measured
• produce a timed forecast
• re-plan the project during its life to correct
  drift from a target

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Precedence analysis

• Must be done before an activity plan can be
  produced
• Reviews the activities that are to be carried out
• Decides what activities must be carried out
  before particular activity can start

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Gantt Charts

• Developed by Henry Gantt, around 1917
• Gantt charts are easy to use and produce
• They are very useful for use on less complex
  projects
• Commonly used due to there simplicity
• Gantt charts are easily understood and easy to
  read

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Gantt Charts
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Gantt Charts

• Draw the following Gantt chart
• Tasks Precedence Time
• a - 5 days
• b - 4 days
• c a 6 days
• d b 2 days
• e b 5 days
• f c,d 8 days

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Gantt Charts
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Network planning models

• PERT
• The Program Evaluation and Review Technique
• Developed by
• US Navy with
• BOOZ-Allen Hamilton and
• Lockheed Corporation for the
• Polaris missile/submarine project in 1958

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Network planning models

• CPM
• Critical Path Method
• Also know as CPA
• Critical Path Analysis
• Developed by
• DuPont Inc in the
• Late fifties early sixties to facilitate
• building of complex process plant

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Network planning models

• PERT
• developed for use on RD projects
• CPM
• developed for use in construction projects
• When developed the two techniques were very
  similar
• Now there is virtually no difference between the
  two

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Network planning models

• A simple on arrow network model

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Terminology

• Activity
• A specific task, uses resources takes time to
  complete
• Event
• The result of completing an activity
• Events use no resources
• They are instances in time, points on the
  network, conditions of a system that can be
  recognised

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Terminology

• Network
• The combination or all activities (often drawn as
  lines) and events (often drawn as nodes at the
  beginning and end of each line) defines the
  project and the activity precedence relationship.
• Arrow heads placed on the lines indicate the
  direction of flow. Before and an event can be
  realised all the activities that immediately
  precede it must be completed

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Terminology

• Path
• The series of connected activities (or
  intermediate events) between any two events in a
  network
• Critical
• Activities, events, or paths, which, if delayed,
  will delay the completion of the project
• A projects critical path is understood to mean
  that sequence of critical activities (and
  critical events) that connect the projects start
  event to its finish event

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Terminology

• On Arrow Network diagram showing critical path in
  red

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Network syntax

• Time moves from left to right
• Nodes are numbered sequentially
• A network may not contain loops
• A network may not contain dangles
• Precedents are the immediate preceding activities
• Dummy activities can be used to indicate a
  particular precedence

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Network syntax

• Time moves from left to right
• Nodes are numbered sequentially

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Network syntax

• A network may not contain loops

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Network syntax

• A network may not contain dangles

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Network syntax

• Precedents are the immediate preceding activities

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Network syntax

• Dummy activities can be used to indicate a
  particular precedence

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On Arrow Networks

• Draw the following as an on arrow network
• Tasks Precedence Time
• a - 5 days
• b - 4 days
• c a 6 days
• d b 2 days
• e b 5 days
• f c,d 8 days

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On Arrow Networks

• How to start ..

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On Arrow Networks

• What not to do

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On Arrow Networks

• A better way

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On Arrow Networks

• It is then less confusing that c d go to the
  same event but what about e f ?

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On Arrow Networks

• The completed on arrow network .

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On Arrow Networks

• Another on arrow network to draw
• Tasks Precedence Time
• a - 6 weeks
• b - 4 weeks
• c a 3 weeks
• d b 4 weeks
• e b 3 weeks
• f - 10 weeks
• g e,f 3 weeks
• h c,d 2 weeks

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On Arrow Networks

• The network with activity times added

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On Arrow Networks

• Each event circle can contain the information
  below

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Event numbers
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Timed activities
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Forward pass
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Backward pass
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Event, Slack and Activity Float
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The Complete On Arrow Network
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Precedence Networks

• Precedence network also known as Activity on Node
• Becoming more common as it is used by many
  project planning software packages
• Often preferred by project managers

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Precedence Networks

• Syntax the same as for On Arrow networks
• Except there are no dummy activities
• Precedence networks must start with a start node
  and end with a end node

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Precedence Networks

• A simple precedence network

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• This is the same network drawn as an On Arrow
  network

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Precedence Networks

• A simple precedence network

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Precedence Networks

• Draw the following as an Precedence network
• Tasks Precedence Time
• a - 5 days
• b - 4 days
• c a 6 days
• d b 2 days
• e b 5 days
• f c,d 8 days

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Precedence Networks

• The completed Precedence Network

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• The same network drawn as an On Arrow Network

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Precedence Networks

• The completed Precedence Network

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Precedence Networks

• Another on precedence network to draw
• Tasks Precedence Time
• a - 6 weeks
• b - 4 weeks
• c a 3 weeks
• d b 4 weeks
• e b 3 weeks
• f - 10 weeks
• g e,f 3 weeks
• h c,d 2 weeks

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Precedence Networks

• The completed Precedence Network

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• This is the same network drawn as an On Arrow
  network

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Precedence Networks

• The completed Precedence Network

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Precedence Networks

• Adding more information to the node

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Precedence Networks

• ES latest (largest) EF of preceding activity
• e.g. event may start at day zero - this actually
  means the end of day zero or the beginning of day
  one !!!
• EF activity ES activity duration
• LS activity LF activity duration
• LF earliest (smallest) LS of subsequent
  activities.
• Float LS ES or LF EF

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Description
Description
Description
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Description
Description
Description
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Precedence Networks

• Redraw the following with complete information in
  each node box
• Tasks Precedence Time
• a - 5 days
• b - 4 days
• c a 6 days
• d b 2 days
• e b 5 days
• f c,d 8 days

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Precedence Networks

• Redraw the following with complete information in
  each node box
• Tasks Precedence Time
• a - 6 weeks
• b - 4 weeks
• c a 3 weeks
• d b 4 weeks
• e b 3 weeks
• f - 10 weeks
• g e,f 3 weeks
• h c,d 2 weeks

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Conclusion

• Activity Planning
• Precedence analysis
• On Arrow networks
• Precedence networks

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Exercise 1

• Tasks Precedence Time
• a - 6 weeks
• b - 4 weeks
• c - 3 weeks
• d a 4 weeks
• e b 3 weeks
• f b 2 weeks
• g c 3 weeks
• h d,e 2 weeks
• i f 1 week
• j g,i 2 weeks

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Exercise 2

• Tasks Precedence Time
• a - 3 weeks
• b - 5 weeks
• c a 7 weeks
• d b 5 weeks
• e c, d 6 weeks
• f b 4 weeks
• g b 8 weeks
• h c, d 4 weeks
• i e, f 3 weeks

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Exercise 3

• Tasks Precedence Time
• a - 2 weeks
• b - 4 weeks
• c - 3 weeks
• d a 3 weeks
• e a 5 weeks
• f c 6 weeks
• g c 4 weeks
• h d 4 weeks
• i d 8 week
• j b, e, f, i 2 weeks
• k - 4 weeks
• l g, k 3 weeks

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Exercise 4

• Tasks Precedence Time
• a - 3 weeks
• b a 5 weeks
• c a 3 weeks
• d c 1 weeks
• e b 3 weeks
• f b, d 4 weeks
• g c 2 weeks
• h g, f 3 weeks
• i e, h 1 weeks

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Exercise 5

• Tasks Precedence Time
• a - 3 weeks
• b - 5 weeks
• c a 14 weeks
• d a 5 weeks
• e b 4 weeks
• f b 7 weeks
• g d, e 8 weeks
• h g, f 5 weeks

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Exercise 6

• Tasks Precedence Time
• a - 4 weeks
• b - 2 weeks
• c a 5 weeks
• d b 3 weeks
• e b 1 week
• f c, d 7 weeks
• g c, d, e 1 week
• h c, d, e 3 weeks
• i f, g 1 week

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Exercise 7

• Tasks Precedence Time
• a - 3 weeks
• b - 5 weeks
• c a 4 weeks
• d b 5 weeks
• e b 4 weeks
• f b, c 2 weeks
• g d 3 weeks
• h d, f 5 weeks
• i e, g, h 3 weeks
• J e 2 weeks