Settlements Revision

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Settlements - Revision

• Urban Zones

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Urban Land Use

• In towns land and is used for lots of different
  uses (functions) shops, industry, offices,
  houses, transport etc.
• Geographers study the pattern of these uses.
• They have created models of typical land use
  patterns.

3
Urban Land Use Models.

• This is the Burgess Model.
• It is also called the Concentric ring Model.
• Or the target model.
• But what do the different colours represent?

4
The urban land use zones are

• CBD Central Business District.
• Shops, offices, entertainment etc.
• Transition Zone
• New and old industry
• Inner City
• Low-class terraced housing.
• Interwar
• Medium-class Semi-detached housing.
• Modern suburbs
• high class, detached housing

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The Hoyt (or Sector) Model.

• This is different to the Burgess model. It takes
  into account the role of transport routes (roads,
  railways)
• Hoyt also believed that industry would locate
  near to other industry, rather than spread out
  like a ring around the city.

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Which zone is this ?
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CBD

• Shops, travel agents
• Banks, building societies
• Offices
• Transport network meets here, bus, coach and
  train stations
• Pubs, restaurants,
• night clubs.
• Museums, art galleries
• No residential (but this is recently changing as
  building are converted into flats and loft
  apartments).

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This is a map of Chicagos CBD. How do we know
it is a CBD?
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Its a CBD because

• High density -The roads are very close together
  with little open space.
• The buildings are high rise because land prices
  are high so they build up rather than across
  (small foot print).

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Transition Zone

• This the area where industry was first built.
• Now this is no longer a good place to put
  industry so many are shut down.
• What is left is
• - as old mills (with new
• uses)
• - derelict land
• - or areas cleared and new
• uses such as cinemas or
• sports facilities
• The Manchester City Stadium was built on a site
  like this.

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Which zone is this?
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Inner City

• Built to house the workers for the factories
  about 1900.
• Built quickly and so they could house as many
  workers as cheaply as possible.

13
Inner City

• Terraced houses
• High density narrow streets no open space
• Grid iron pattern
• No parking facilities
• No gardens
• Chimneys as each room had an fire for heating.
• Slate roofs

14
Inner City

• Very poor areas in need of modernisation in
  1950s
• onwards.
• The best areas were given grants for bathrooms
  and inside toilets, damp proof courses, heating,
  new windows etc.

15
Inner City

• The worst areas were knocked down and new council
  flats built in their place.
• Though many of these have now been also
  demolished as they were poor quality.
• They also created lots of social problems. By the
  late 1980s most families were moved out into
  houses, as it was difficult to bring up children
  in flats

16
Inner suburbia - Interwar

• Built between the wars (1930) to house the
  increasing population.
• They had time to build them so they had
  decoration etc.

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Inner suburbia - Interwar

• Low density with front and back gardens.
• Often in pleasant streets and tree lined avenues.
• Cul-de-sacs and curved roads were created for the
  first time.

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Inner suburbia - Interwar

• Semi-detached with front and back garden.
• Chimneys.
• Bay windows.
• Decoration such as leaded and stained glass
  windows and tiles in the porches.
• They still did not have car parking facilities.
  However as they were built far apart there was
  room to add drives and garages later.

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Modern suburbia

• Found on the edge of the city.
• They have gardens and parking facilities for one
  or more cars.
• The streets are often curved with cul-de-sacs
• They are usually low density estates. However as
  land prices rise builders often try to get as
  many houses in a plot as possible, to get the
  greatest profit.

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Modern suburbia

• Often detached.
• Often have no chimney as they have central
  heating
• Roofs often tiled instead of slates. Plastic
  drainpipes etc.
• They have gardens and parking facilities for one
  or more cars.

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How to recognise the zones on an OS map

• CBD
• - big areas of buildings
• - train station / bus station /
• town hall
• - may have ring road around it.
• INNER CITY
• - high density / no open space
• - grid iron pattern of straight
• roads
• - near the centre of the town
• - terraced houses

• INNER SUBURBIA
• - lower density
• - curves and circles / cul-de
• sacs
  
• - semi-detached
• OUTER SUBURBIA
• - even lower density
• - curves and cul-de-sacs
• - detached houses
• - near edge of town

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End