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Javascript ?a? VB script e??a? ???sse? p????a at?s ??. Javascript ?a? VB script e?s? at????ta? se ?e? e?a HTML. 2004, ?? ?t???? ????at??? ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: sa st dadt

1
??sa???? st? d?ad??t??
2
??sa???? st?? e??t?ta

?ata???s? t?? ?e?t?????a? t?? web
???t??? Client/Server
???t?????a ep????????a? d??t???
Te???a ?a? p???? a????t?? s?st?µ?t??
S??s? a????t?? se s??s? µe ??e?st? s?st?µata
S??t?µ? pa???es? t?? s?µa?t???te??? standards t??
d?ad??t???
??sa???? st? ßas??? a???te?t????? Web

3
WEB

WEB?a???sµ??, d?ad?ast???, d??aµ???,
?ata?eµ?µ??? s?st?µa
WEB ????e? p??? ap? t? Internet
WEB p??t? ?e??? s?st?µ?t??, p?? e?s?µat?????
p????f???a?? s?st?µata ß?se?? p??
?atas?e??st??a? st? pa?e????

4
WEB

WEB e????? ???s?, HTML e????? s????af? se??d??
????, ?p?????? a??et?? d?s????e? st?? a??pt???
efa?µ????
??t?e? d?s????a?
?????p??, ded?µ??a, d?ad??as?e?, d??t?a
ep?????????? µe ?at?????? te???????a
????? ep??e???µat???t?ta?, s?ed?as??, t?????,
????????????a?, ????????a?

5
???sµ?? µ??t???? Client/Server

Client/Server ?ata?eµ?µ??? e?d??? ?p?????st????
s?st?µ?t??
????de? ????sµ???? se d?af??et????? ?/?
s??e??????ta? ??a ??a s??p?
?? ????sµ??? t?? client e?te?e?ta? se ??a
p??s?p??? ?p?????st? ?p?ß???e? a?t?se??
?? ????sµ??? t?? server, e?te?e?ta? se ??a ta??
?p?????st? e??p??ete? t?? a?t?se?? t?? client
client server ep??????????, ??a ??e?????ta? ??a
p??t??????

6
S??s? client/server a

server dapa?? t? µe?a??te?? µ???? t?? ?s???? ??a
e??p???t?s? t?? a?t?se?? t?? clients, p.?.
??t?se?? ??a se??da web
??t?se?? ??a e???af?? ap? ß?s? ded?µ????
??t?se?? ??a µ???µata ??e?t??????? ta??d??µe???
???p???t?s? a?t?s??
???sßas? se p?????µµata / se ß?se??...
? server st???e? t? ap?t??esµa st?? client
? client epe?e????eta? t? ap?t??esµa

7
S??s? client/server ß

?? µ??t??? client/server e??a? s?et??? ???
?a?a??te?? µ??t???
?ed?µ??a, epe?e??as?a, d?ep?f??e?a ???st? se
?e?t???? ?p?????st?, µe ?e???? p??sßas?
Mainframe computers,
(t? µ??t??? e??a? a??µ? e? ???se? ...)
??e?s? t?? p??s?p???? ?p?????st??
F????? ep????????a a????p?? µ??a???
??p??? epe?e??as?a ded?µ???

8
Client/Server ????sµ??? a

??s? ap? t? ????sµ??? ?a e??a? st?? client ?a?
p?s? st?? server
??a??ese t?? efa?µ??? se t??a tµ?µata
?ed?µ??a
?pe?e??as?a
??ep?f??e?a ???st?
???tas? ??ep?f??e?a ???st? st?? client,
ded?µ??a/ epe?e??as?a st?? server

9
Client/Server ????sµ??? ß

Se p????? a???te?t?????? client/server
??ep?f??e?a ???st? µ???? epe?e??as?a??client
??ep?f??e?a ???st? µe???? ded?µ??a?client
?e???? µ???? t?? efa?µ???? st?? client
??e??e?t?µata
?e??s? ?????f???a? st? d??t??
?e??s? f??t?? t?? server
?a??te?? a???p???s? t?? client
?e???e?t?µata
????p???? ????sµ???
????t?s? ap? ?s?????? p??s?p????? ?p?????st??

10
Internet client/server

?? Internet ßas?st??e st? client/server µ??t???
?p???e a????? s??des?? d?af??et???? ?p?????st????
s?st?µ?t??, µe d?af??et??? ?e?t??????? s?st?µata
?? ?nternet ßas?st??e se a????t? p??t?pa (open
standards)

11
?????t? pe??ß?????ta (Open environments)

?a a????t? s?st?µata e??a? t? ??t??µe?? sta
p????f????? s?st?µata
??????eta? ????sµ???/????? d?af??et????
p????e?s?? ?a? ep???????e? ????? p??ß??µata
?????t? pe??ß??????s?ed?as? ??????/????sµ????
s?µf??a µe e????? d?aded?µ??e? p??d?a??af??

12
?a?a?t???st??? a????t?? s?st?µ?t??

F???t? ?d?a efa?µ??? se ?p?????st?? d?af??et????
a???ste?t??????/?e?t???????? s?st?µat??
???µa???µe?a ?d?a efa?µ??? se ?p?????st??
d?af??et???? ?s????
??a-?e?t???????t?ta ???e??? a?ta??a??
p????f???a? µeta?? ?p?????st???? s?st?µ?t??
????????s? s??ep?? d?e-ep?f??e?a ???st? se ??a
ta s?st?µata?e??e??? ???s? ?/?.

13
?????t? s?st?µata ?a? Web a

To Web ßas??eta? se a????t? p??t?pa
?? Web efa?µ???? µp????? ?a t?????? ap?
p??s?p????? ?p?????st?? µ???? ?????? ap?d?s??
(?a? t?µ??!) servers?µetaf??s?µe?
Web client/servers e??a? d?a?e?t????????, t??????
se UNIX/Windows/Linux .
Web browsers p??sf????? ????????s?, ?d?a
d?ep?f??e?a ???st? pa?t??

14
?????t? s?st?µata ?a? Web ß

?p?????? ?a? eµp?d?a sta a????t? s?st?µata
?atas?e?ast?? p??s??t??? ?a?a?t???st??? as?µßata
µe ???a s?st?µata ??a ?????? a?ta????sµ??
µp??e? ?a ????? ?aµ???te?? ap?d?s?
??ade?a ?????t?s? p??t?p???a??? ??se??

15
? e?????? t?? Internet

???? sta a????t? s?st?µata ??e? ?µa?? e?????? ta
te?e?ta?a 30 ?????a
?????? ?p??es?e? ßas?sµ??e? se ?e?µe?? Telnet,
NetNews
?? s??e?e?a multimedia Web

16
?e???? ap? ta p??t?pa t?? d?ad??t??? a?
17
?e???? ap? ta p??t?pa t?? d?ad??t??? ß?
18
????te?t?????? Web

???f??e? eta???e? s??e?sf????? se d?af??et????
?µ?de? standards
To Internet Engineering Task Force (IEFT) e????e?
t? TCP/IP, SMTP, MIME, SSL
To World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) af??? sta URL,
HTTP, HTML
Epe?d? ta standards e??a? a????t?, ??e? s?ed?? ??
eta???e? p?????? s?µßat? p?????ta
??a ?p?????? f????? ??se?? ??a a??pt??? web
efa?µ????

19
?e???????e? a??pt???? efa?µ???? Web
20
??sa???? st?? e??t?ta

??sa???? st?? ßas???? te???????e? ??a efa?µ????
Web
??sa???? st?? standard web a???te?t?????
?????f???e? ??a PERL, CGI, JavaScriptTM, s??des?
µe ß?se?? de?µ????, JavaTM ?a? ActiveX
S??e??as?a t?? pa?ap??? te?????????

21
?as??? a???te?t????? Web a?

? a???te?t????? pa???e? t? s??d?? s??des??
d?af??et???? tµ?µ?t??
??a ?a?? s?ed?as? a???te?t?????? e??a? e?????t?
?a? epe?t?s?µ?
Web a???te?t?????? client ep???????e? µe server
???t?????? ep????????a? TCP/IP
TCP/IP af??? st? µetaf??? ded?µ???? (e?asf???s?
????? µetaf????)

22
?as??? a???te?t????? Web ß?

Browser ep???????e? µe server µ?s? Hypertext
Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
HTTP af??? st?? e??es? ?a? a???t?s? t??
?at??????? a??e???
HTTP af??? st?? e?µ??e?a t???
?? ????sµ??? Web ep??e?t???eta? st?? p??sßas? ?a?
st?? ep?de??? pe??e??µ????
To Web a??????e? t? request-response, d??ad? ?
server pe??µ??e? a?t?se?? ap? t??? clients

23
?as??? a???te?t????? web ?

O web browser ??t?e? µ?a d?e????s? (URL) ap? t??
server
To URL µp??e? ?a ???ft??e ap? t? ???st? ? ?a
s?et??eta? µe ??a ?pe?s??desµ? ?.a.
Se ??e? t?? pe??pt?se?? ? web server e?t?p??e?
t? URL t? st???e? µ?s? t?? TCP/IP st?? browser
O browser e?µ??e?e? t?? HTML ?a? ep?de????e? t?
se se??da st?? client
St?? Web server e??a??stata? t? ?at??????
????sµ???, t? ?p??? e?a?t?ta? ap? t?? ????
ded?µ????

24
?e???????e? server

?? te???????e? p?? af????? t? server,
???s?µ?p????? t? d?s??, t?? ?p?????st??? ?s?? ?a?
t?????? ?p? t? ?e?t??????? t?? server
Common Gateway Interface (CGI), Perl, ?a?
p??sßas? se ß?se?? e??a? s?µa?t???? te???????e?
??a t?? server

25
Common Gateway Interface (CGI) a

?etaß?ßas? ded?µ???? HTML forms ap? web server se
web browser
CGI pe?????fe? t?? t??p? p?? ? browser ?a? ?
server ?e??????ta? ta ded?µ??a t?p?? form
????o µ???? epe?e??as?a? ???eta? st? server
CGI de? e??a? ???ssa p????aµµat?sµ??
CGI p??pe? ?a e???e? µe ???ssa p????aµµat?sµ??,
p.?. PERL

26
Common Gateway Interface (CGI) ß

To CGI ???s?µ?p??e?ta? se p????? efa?µ????
?.?. st? Amazon, ? se??da d?µ?????e?ta? d??aµ???,
(pe???aµß??e? ?a??et?sµ? t?? ???st?)

27
S??des? µe ß?se??

S??des? µe ß?se?? e??a? µ?a s?µa?t??? efa?µ???
??a servers
??a efa?µ??? ??e???eta? ded?µ??a, ta ded?µ??a
ap????e???ta? se ??a s?st?µa ß?s?? ded?µ????
(DBMS)
?? ß?se?? ded?µ???? e??a? ???µ? te???????a,
p??sf????? asf??e?a, ???ssa e??t?ap????se?? ?t?.
??. ?????f???e? ??a pe??te?, pa?a??e??e?,
ap????e???ta? se ??a (DBMS)

28
?pe?e??as?a st? Server a

??e??e?t?µata
?? s?µa?t???? d???e??? e?te????ta? st? server,
?a??te??? ??e????
?a??te?? s??t???s?
???e??ste?? a?aß??µ?s?
?e???e?t?µata
??? ? epe?e??as?a se ??a ?e?t???? ?p?????st?
?e???? ?p?????st??? ß????
?p?t???a t?? server?s??????? ap?t???a t??
s?st?µat??
????µ??? ????s? st? d??t??
H d?ep?f??e?a ???st? a?tap?????eta? µe
ß?ad?te???? ???µ???

29
?e???????e? ??a client a

??te????ta? st?? client ?p? t? ?e?t??????? t??
client, ???s?µ?p????? t? d?s?? ?a? t??
?p?????st??? ?s?? t?? client
Javascript ?a? VB script e??a? ???sse?
p????aµµat?sµ??
Javascript ?a? VB script e?s?µat????ta? se
?e?µe?a HTML

30
?e???????e? ??a client ß

? web browser d?aß??e? t? HTML ?a? ß??s?e?
??d??a µ?a? ???ssa? scripting
? e?t??es? t?? scripting a?at??eta? st? µ??a??
scripting (scripting engine)
Javascript ?a? VB script e??a? event driven,
(p.?. a?tap???????ta? st? p??t???)?p??
e?d?af????se? efa?µ????
???ßasµa st???e??? ???st?, ?p?????sµ??, pa????d?a
??d??? ??a d?ad?ast???? efa?µ????? ? ??d??a?
p??pe? ?a e?te?e?ta? st?? client

31
??e??e?t?µata/?e???e?t?µata client te?????????

??e??e?t?µata
??µet???e?s? t?? epe?d?se?? se p??s?p?????
?p?????st??
?ata?aµ?µ??? epe?e??as?a?e???sta s?st?µata
?e??s? ?????f???a? st? d??t??
??ep?f??e?a ???st? ? ??????? ap????s?
?e???e?t?µata
?p??e?a e?????? t?? p????aµµat?st?, µp??e? ?
efa?µ??? ?a t???e? se ß?ade??/pa?a?? ?e?t???????
s?st?µa clients
?a?a??? browsers, de? ?p?st??????? t?? ??e?
te???????e

32
S??d?asµ?? te?????????

??e? ?? efa?µ???? web apa?t??? ?a? client ?a?
server
p.?. ? browser, ??t?e? URL ?a? ? server
ep?st??fe? t? s?et??? se??da
St? s?ed?as? efa?µ???? web µp????? ?a s??d?ast???
HTML, JavaScript, CGI µe Perl ?a? s??des? µe
ß?se??

33
S??d?asµ?? te?????????/se?????

HTML forms, ???s?µ?p?????ta? ??a s??????
ded?µ???? ap? t? ???st?
JavaScript, st?? client e????e? t?? ????t?ta t??
ded?µ???? t?? ???st?
CGI p?????µµata µe Perl st?? server, ??a
pe?a?t??? ??e??? ????t?ta?
S??des? µe ß?s? ded?µ???? st? server, p???e?µ????
?a a?a?t????? ?? s?et???? p????????e? ? ?a
ap????e?t??? ???e?
?p?p???? CGI p?????µµata st? server?et??µas?a
s?et???? apa?t?se?? st? ???st?

34
Java a

Java e??a? ???ssa p????aµµat?sµ??, (Sun
Microsystems)
??te?e?ta? se d??f????? ?p?????st??, a?e?a?t?t??
?e?t???????? (?a??? ?a? se s?s?e???)
???a??? ??d??a? µetat??peta? se d?ad???
? d?ad???? e??a? a?e???t?t?? t?? ?p?????st?
? Java Virtual Machine (e?d??? se ???e
?p?????st?) e?te?e? t?? d?ad??? ??d??a

35
Java ß

? Java µp??e? ?a t???e? ?a? st?? client ?a? st??
server
St?? browser t?? client, p?????µµata Java
?????ta? applets
St?? server
Servlets t?????? ?p? t??? pe?????sµ??? e???
????? p?????µµat??
??????? ?? a?e???t?ta p?????µµata

36
ActiveX

??a?s?? ????????s?? efa?µ????
?? efa?µ???? ???f??ta? se ??p??a ???ssa
p????aµµat?sµ??
????? st? ActiveX, ?? efa?µ???? ep?????????? se
??a d??t?a?? pe??ß?????
ActiveX, t???e? ?a? se server ?a? se client
ActiveX, ap? Microsoft ?a? ßas??eta? st?
Component Object Model (COM)

37
Applets
38
Web Servers ?a? ?TTP
39
??sa???? st?? e??t?ta

??sa???? st? ßas???? ?e?t?????e? t?? Web sever
??sa???? st? ßas??? p??t??????, HTTP

40
Web servers

Web server
????sµ??? se ?p?????st?
?p?????st?? ep???????e? µ?s? TCP/IP
? ?p?????st?? µp??e? ?a e??a? p??s?p???? ? ??a
ta??tat? pa??????? s?st?µa

41
????? Web Server ?a? Port 80

? web server t???e? ??a at??µ??a ß????
?e??µ??e? ??a a?t?se?? st? ???a 80
T??e? e??a? d??d?? ep????????a? µe t? d??t??
????? e?t?p?se? a?t?s?, e?e???p??e?ta?
???spa?e? ?a e?t?p?se? t? Uniform Resource
Locator (URL) p?? ??t????e
?a? t? st???e? st?? a?t??µe?? µ?s? TCP/IP
?????!

42
????? Web Server, p??ß??µata

?? de? µp??e? ?a e?t?p?se? t? ??t??µe?? a??e??
µ?s? t?? URL
404 File Not Found
?? de? ??e? ?de?a ?a ste??e? t? a??e??
403 Forbidden error
?? ??a p??e ?a??
200 OK, d
St???e? t? a??e??, se??da

43
????? web server ß

??? t? a?t??µe?? URL e??a? p????aµµa t?te
? web server t? e?te?e?
St???e? t?? ???d? t?? p?????µµat?? st?? client
??? t? URL s?et??eta? µe ??a p????aµµa, t?te t?
p????aµµa ?a e?te?este? ???s?µ?p????ta? t? URL ??
e?s?d?
??? t? URL p???e?ta? ?a ???e? parse, o server
a????e? t? a??e?? ?a? ????e? ??a s?et???? e?t????

44
HTTP, t? e??a?

To HTTP e??a? p??t??????
???sd?????e? ?a???e? ep????????a? µeta??
client/browser ?a? web server
HTTP, GET e??a? ? a??? ep????????a?
F??e µ?? ??a a??e??/web se??da
???pe? ?a p??sd????ste? ??a domain name, p?.
www.reuters.com, ??a ?a pe??se? st? TCP/IP
?ta? ???e? t? a??e?? te?e???e? ? ep????????a

45
HTTP pa??de??µa a
lthtmlgt ltbodygt lth1gtHello HTTPlt/h1gt ltcentergt
ltpgtThis page has been... ltpgt The page makes
reference to one image and not much else. It's
solely for teaching about HTTP. ltpgtltimg
src"images/sun-logo.gif" alt"Sun Logo"gt
lt/centergt lt/bodygt lt/htmlgt

???a??ete st? URL httptest.html
?e?te ta pe??e??µe?a t?? se??da?
?e?µe??, µe html ?a? µ?a e????a

46
?a??de??µa s??des?? ß

???ta a????eta? µ?a s??des? µe t? www.sun.com
TCP/IP p??spe???e? t?? Domain Name Server (DNS)
O DNS µetat??pe? t? www.sun.com se µ?a d?e????s?
t?? e?d??? p?. 128.138.178.12
?e????e? µ?a s??des?
?? TCP/IP f???t??e? ?ste ? s??des? ?a e??a?
a???p?st?
?? HTTP ??e???eta? t? ?p?st??µa t?? TCP/IP

47
??t?s? HTTP client/ browser
??t?s? get st?? the server ??a t? p??? a??e?? ?a
a?a?t?se? GET httptest.html HTTP/1.0 ??e? st??
server ?a µ?? ste??e? t? a??e??, a? de? ??e?
a????e? p??sfata If-modified-since Wed, 19 Jan,
2004, 135959 GMT O browser d????e? ?t? e??a? ?
Netscape version 7, p?? t???e? st?
solaris User-agent Mozilla 7 for Sol 7 ??
ep?µe?e? d???se?? ???e st? server t? e?d???
a??e?a µp??e? ?a ?e???ste? ? browser (d??.
?e?µe??, html, gif, jpeg ) Accept text/plain
Accept text/html Accept image/gif Accept
image/jpeg
48
?p??t?s? ap? http server

?a?t?t?ta t?? server
Server NCSA/1.5
?µe??µ???a ?a? ??a ap??t?s??
Date Tue, 19 Jul, 2004 140001 GMT
O server p????f??e? t?? client ??a t? e?d?? t??
?e?µ????
Content-type text/html
Specifies the length of the document
Content-length 313
?e? ?p???e? e?d??? ??d???p???s?
Content-encoding none
??e? st?? browser, p?te µetaß?????e t? a??e??
st?? server
Last-modified Thu, 20 Jul 2004 000000 GMT
??a ?e?? ??aµµ?, ??a t? d?a????sµ? HTTP header
(?? pa?ap??? ??aµµ??) from the document itself
(all of the lines below)
The entire HTML document as it is sent to the
browser
lthtmlgt ltbodygt lth2gtHello HTTPlt/h2gt
ltcentergt
ltpgtThis page has been transmitted to you from
the Sun web site in Broomfield, Colorado, USA.
ltpgtThe page makes reference to one image and not
much else.

49
??p?? pe??e??µ???? (content type)

t? content-type, p??sd?????eta? ap? t? server
Content-type, ?a?????e? t?? t?p? pe??e??µ????
se??da?,
p.?. text/html ??a se??da ?e?µ???? html
image/gif ??a e????a t?p?? gif
?? p??t?p? ??a content-types e??a? t?
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME)
S??d?e? t? file extension µe ??a t?p? a??e??

50
??p?? MIME
51
Browser/client

?aµß??eta? ? HTTP ap??t?s? ap? t? server
?? TCP/IP ??e??e? ? s??des?
O server e?a??????e? ?a pe??µ??e? a?t?se??, st??
???a 80
? browser, d?aß??e?/e?µ??e?e? t?? html se??da
H p??a??da (tag) lth1gt, d????e? ep??efa??da, ?a? ?
browser t?p??e? t? a?t?st???? ?e?µe?? µe µe??????
?a?a?t??e?
ltpgt d????e? ??a??? ??a? pa?a???f??
lt?mggt d????e? t?? ?pa??? e????a?

52
S?µp????µat??? a??e?a

? p??a??da ltimggt d????e? ??a s?µp????µat???
a??e??
? browser ?a?e? t? TCP/IP ?a a????e? µ?a ??a
s??des?
????? ep?te???e? ? s??des?...
Fe??e? HTTP, GET a?t?s? (ap? client) st? SUN
?a??µ??a d?ad??as?a µe t?? p??????µe??

53
Se????? HTTP

S??des? µe DNS server
?etat??p? Domain Name Service se d?e????s? IP
???a??d??s? s??des?? TCP/IP µe ap?µa???sµ???
?p?????st?
Sp?s?µ? t?? µ???µat?? se pa??ta
???µ?????s? t?? pa??t?? µ?s? d??t???
??t?s? HTTP GET
?p??t?s? HTTP
??e???? ???? ?a? sfa?µ?t?? ap? TCP/IP
H se??da ep?de????eta? st?? Browser
?p?p??s?ete? a?t?se?? HTTP GET
?p?p??s?ete? apa?t?se?? HTTP

54
S????asµ?? HTTP

??e??e?t?µata
?? HTTP de? ??µ?ta? t?? p??????µe?e? a?t?se??
?p??e? ?a ?e???ste? e?at?µµ???a a?t?se??
?e???e?t?µata
???e? se se??de? p?? ap?te????ta? ap? p????
tµ?µata
?.?. 20 e????e? st? se??da, ??e?????ta? 21
a?t?se?? ?a? 21 a?tap????se??
??e???eta? e?d???? s?ed?asµ?? ??a ?a e??a? ???????

55
Perl ?a? CGI
56
??sa???? st?? e??t?ta

CGI ? p???? a?ept??µ??? a???te?t????? WEB
efa?µ????
?e????af? t?? CGI standard.
???p?? ?e?t?????a t?? CGI.
?? p???? ???s?µ?p????µe?e? ???sse? ??a CGI.
???pt??? µ????? CGI p?????µµat?? µe PERL.
?etaß??t?? pe??ß?????t?? CGI ?a? p??sp??as? t???
ap? t?? Perl.

57
??sa???? st? Common Gateway Interface (CGI) a

?? CGI e??a? t? pa?a??te?? ?a? ???µ?te?? standard
??a a??pt??? efa?µ????
S??d?e? se??de? web µe e?te??s?µ? ??d??a
?e?t????e? µe C, C, Perl, Java ?t?.
???sd?????e?
?? p??asµa ded?µ???? ap? web browser st?? server
??? ? server µetaf??e? ta ded?µ??a sta d??? t??
p?????µµata
??? µetaf????ta? ded?µ??a st?? Web browser

58
??sa???? st? Common Gateway Interface (CGI) ß

?? p????aµµa CGI ???e? t? µe?a??te?? µ???? t??
e??as???.
? server d?a ?? e?d??µes?? d?e?pe?a??t??.
?p?????? t??a tµ?µata se ???e d?ad??as?a CGI
Web browser p?? e?te?e?ta? st?? client
Web server
?????aµµa CGI p?? e?te?e?ta? st?? server.

59
To CGI e? d??se?...

O browser st???e? st?? server ??a URL p??
pe???aµß??e? ??a p????aµµa CGI.
O server e????e? a? t? URL e??a? e?te??s?µ?.
?e????e? t? p????aµµa ?a? µetaß?ß??e? ??p??e?
µetaß??t?? µa?? µe d??f??a ???a ded?µ??a.
?? CGI e?te?e?ta? ?a? ?atas?e???e? µ?a ap??t?s?,
?p? µ??f? se??da?.
? server µetaß?ß??e? t? se??da st?? client
browser
? client browser ep?de????e? t? se??da, ?? a??e??
html.

60
?a?ade??µata ???ss?? p????aµµat?sµ?? ??a CGI
61
?e?? Perl

??µ?f???? ???ssa ??a efa?µ???? CGI.
Perl interpreted
???feta? t? p????aµµa ?? ascii
?etaf???eta? se ??d??a µ??a??? d??aµ???
S???pe?a e?e????a
St?? Perl ?p?????? pe??ss?te??? t?? e??? t??p??
?a ???e?? ??t?

62
??e??e?t?µata Perl

? Perl ??e? e?a??et???? d??at?t?te? ?e???sµ??
?e?µ????. S?????? a?t? apa?te?ta? ap? p?????µµata
CGI
H Perl e??a? s?et??? e?ast??? ?? ???ssa
?e? apa?te?ta? d?sµe?s? µ??µ?? ??a µetaß??t??
??????p??e? µe t?µ? 0 t?? µetaß??t??

63
?? p??t? p????aµµa CGI !

!/usr/local/bin/perl -w
print "Content-type text/html\n\n"
print "lthtmlgt\n"
print "ltbodygt\n"
print "ltpgtHello World!lt/pgt\n"
print "lt/bodygt\n"
print "lt/htmlgt\n"

? p??t? ??aµµ? ?a?e? t?? perl intepreter
H de?te?? ??aµµ? e??a? e?d???. ??µ?????e? t?
http header (ep??efa??da) ?a? p??pe? ?a
a??????e?ta? ap? ?e?? ??aµµ?.
?? ?p????pe? ??aµµ?? t?p????? ??a html a??e??
? ?a?a?t??a? \n d????e? ??a ??aµµ? ?a? ??e???eta?
µ??? ??a t? e?a?????st?

64
CGI ?a? http header

O http header e??a? ??s?ast???? se p?????µµata
CGI.
????? header o web server de? ???e? t?p?ta ??a t?
e?d?? t?? ded?µ???? p?? ?a ep?st???e?.
? web browser ?a p??e? µ???µa ??????
?? p???e?µ??? ? header ?ee? ?t? t? a??e?? e??a?
t?p?? html
?? ?a de? st?? browser o ???st?? a? a?t?
text/html ??e? text/plain

65
CGI µ?sa ap? html

?? CGI p?? e?date, e??a? ap???stat?
?e? d??eta? e?s?d? ap? ???st?
?e? epe?e????eta? p????f???e?
???p?? ???s?? t?? CGI p?????µµat??
lthtmlgt
ltbodygt
lta href"hello.cgi"gt??t??ese t? Hello World
p????aµµa CGI lt/agt
lt/bodygt
lt/htmlgt

66
?etaß??t?? pe??ß?????t??

?etaß??t?? pe??ß?????t??, µ???? t?? CGI standard
T?? ?a?????e? ? web browser, ?a? ? web server
?a???????? t? host name, ip address, software
version

67
?a??de??µa µetaß??t?? pe??ß?????t?? a
!/usr/local/bin/perl -w print "Content-type
text/html", "\n\n" print "lthtmlgt", "\n" print
"ltbodygtlth1gtCGI Environment Variableslt/h1gtltpregt",
"\n" print "Server Host Name ",
ENVSERVER_NAME, "\n" print "Server Software
", ENVSERVER_SOFTWARE, "\n" print "Server
Protocol ", ENVSERVER_PROTOCOL, "\n" print
"Browser Software ", ENVHTTP_USER_AGENT,
"\n" print "Browser IP Addr ",
ENVREMOTE_ADDR, "\n" print "Request Method
", ENVREQUEST_METHOD, "\n" print "Content
Type ", ENVCONTENT_TYPE, "\n" print
"lt/pregtlt/bodygt", "\n" print "lt/htmlgt", "\n"
68
?a??de??µa µetaß??t?? pe??ß?????t?? ß

O p??????µe??? ??d??a? ap????e?eta? se ??a CGI ?
PERL a??e?? st? server.
??a se??da html µp??e? ?a ??e? s??desµ? se a?t?
t? a??e??
O web browser ?a de??e? t?? t?µ?? t?? µetaß??t??.

69
?a??de??µa µetaß??t?? pe??ß?????t?? ?

?? p??te? ??aµµ?? ?a???? t?? Perl Interpreter ?a?
?atas?e?????? t?? http header.
?? ep?µe?e? ??aµµ?? t?p????? µetaß??t??
pe??ß?????t??
?? t?µ?? t??? ??????ta? ap? t?? web browser
???e? t?µ?? ??????ta? ap? t?? web server
???spe??s?µe? ap? µ?a d?µ? Perl p?? ???eta?
associative array ENVvariable_name
? p????? pe????af? t?? CGI e??a? st?
http//hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi/interface.html.

70
???at? ?a? ad??aµa s?µe?a t?? Perl

? Perl ???s?µ?p??e?ta? e?????? µe???? ?p?st?????
?e???e? d??at?t?te? ?e???sµ?? ?e?µ???? ?
???s?µ?tat? ?? e??a?e?? se web efa?µ????
???? e????? st?? e?µ???s? se s??s? µe C/C
??at??eta? d??e??
??e? ?µ?? ß?ad?te???? ??????? e?t??es?? se s??s?
µe C/C

71
Perl, CGI, HTML
72
??sa???? st?? ???t?ta

S??ta?? ßas???? HTML forms
HTML form elements ?a? CGI program variables
?????aµµat?sµ?? ap??? HTML form p?? s??e????eta?
µe ??a CGI script
????d?? post, get
??e??e?t?µata µe???e?t?µata a???te?t?????? SAPI
?a? CGI

73
???L forms ?a? CGI

?? HTML forms ???s?µ?p?????ta? ??a s??????
ded?µ???? ap? t? ???st?
?????ta? ded?µ??a ap? t? ???st?
??a??t??? ???µata µetaß??t?? sta ded?µ??a p??
d??e? ? ???st??
?a???????? t? µ???d? p?? ?a ???s?µ?p????e? ??a ?a
pe?ast??? ded?µ??a ap? t?? web browser st? CGI
p?? t???e? st?? server
?a???????? t?? e????e?e? p?? ?a ?????? ?ta? ?
???st?? ?p?ß???e? ta ded?µ??a (submit)

74
??a ap?? HTML form a

lthtmlgt
ltbodygt
lth1gtTesting 123lt/h1gt
ltform action"test5.cgi" methodgetgt
ltpgtEnter your favorite greeting, e.g. Hello
ltinput typetext name"greeting" size10gtltbrgt
ltpgtEnter your first name
ltinput typetext name"firstname" size10gtltbrgt
ltinput typesubmit value"Run CGI Program"gtltbrgt
lt/formgt
lt/bodygt
lt/htmlgt

75
??a ap?? HTML form ß

lthtmlgt, ltbodygt ?????µa ?a? ??e?s?µ?
ltpgt, lth1gt e?a?????st? ?e?µe??
ltinputgt tags, e?s?d?? ded?µ????, p????? t?p??
p.?.
??s?d?? ded?µ????
Typetext, d??ad? e?s?d?? ?e?µe??
Namefirstname, d??e? ???µa sta ded?µ??a
?p?ß??? ded?µ????
? ???st?? ???e? ???? se ??a ???µp?
??te?e?ta? t? a?????? CGI p????aµµa st?? Server

76
CGI se HTML forms
77
FORM methods/actions

????d?? GET, actione?t??es? CGI a??e???
test5.cgi
ltform actiontest5.cgi methodgetgt
????d?? POST, actione?t??es? CGI a??e???
test5.cgi
ltform actiontest5.cgi methodpostgt
?? ???sµ??, (a? de? p??sd????ste? ? µ???d??), ?
browser ep??. GET

78
????d?? GET a

? browser µetaß?ß??e? ta ded?µ??a t?? ???st? ??
µ?a s?µß???se???
St? pa??de??µa µa?, ????µe
?? d?saµe ?? greeting to Hello ?a? ?? ???µa t?
G Papadopoulos
http//www.testing.org/test5.cgi?GreetingHellona
meGPapadopoulos
Greeting, name e??a? ???µata µetaß??t??
?a ?e?? ??d???p??e?ta? ??
?a ???µata µetaß??t?? ???????ta? µe t?
?? URL ?????eta? µe ?, ap? ta ?p????pa

79
???sp??as? ded?µ???? CG? µe PERL

To ????sµ??? t?? web server e?te?e? t? p????aµµa
CGI
???? ?µ??, ?p???e? p??et??µas?a
?etaß??t?? pe??ß?????t??...
To CGI p??pe? ?a d?e?e???se? t? ded?µ??a e?s?d??
t??

80

Demonstrates a way to connect
HTML form to CGI program

Get input from HTML form and parse into
namevalue pairs HTML form uses the GET method,
so access from QUERY_STRING access user data
in QUERY_STRING buffer ENVQUERY_STRING
Split the name/value pairs on '' creates
array called _at_pairs with namevalue pair _at_pairs
split(//, buffer) Parse _at_pairs determining
name value for each ltformgt variable loop
thru _at_pairs array, decoding encoded data Foreach
pair (_at_pairs) split name and value and put
into scalar variables (name, value)
split(//, pair) convert plus signs back to
spaces as entered by user value tr// /
convert encoded hexadecimals back to ASCII as
entered by user value s/(a-fA-F0-9a-fA-F0
-9)/pack("C", hex(1))/eg set up hash for
ltformgt data inname value Now all
ltformgt variables are in the in associative array
81
?p?te??sµata t?? ??d??a

??e? ?? µetaß??t?? p?? pa??s?e ? ???st?? e??a?
st? in array
? t?µ? t?? µetaß??t?? greeting/name, µp??e? ?a
a?a?t??e? ?? ingreeting / inname

82
?pe?e??as?a CGI ?a? PERL

CGI a?a??e? e?se???µe?a ded?µ??a
?p?st??fe? ap?te??sµata a????s??
?p????e?e? ta ded?µ??a se log a??e?a, ??a
?p??e? ?a s??de?e? p????aµµa µe ß?s? ded?µ????

83
?p?st??f? ded?µ???? ???st? se ??a se??da

Create the "virtual" web page complete with
partial HTTP header
generate a valid content type header for use by
HTTP
print "Content-type text/html\n\n"
generate the opening HTML tags for the user
response
print "ltHTMLgtltHEADgt\n"
create a title for the response page
print "ltTITLEgtTesting 123lt/TITLEgt\n"
close the HTML head and begin the body
print "lt/HEADgtltBODYgt\n"
create a title for the response page
print "ltH1gtTesting 123lt/H1gt\n"
start a new paragraph the response page
print "ltPgt\n"
echo the greeting and name entered by the user
print param("greeting"), param("name"), "!
ltbrgt\n"
use an environment variable in the response
print "Your IP address is ENVREMOTE_ADDR\n"
finish the response page print
"lt/BODYgtlt/HTMLgt\n"

84
S????asµ?? ??d??a

?? print ??aµµ?? d?µ???????? ??d??a HTML, µe
???st? HTML tags
?? param(greeting) ?a? param(name)t?p?????
t?? e?s?d??? p?? ?d?se ? ???st??
?? e??e ??afe? ? ??d??a? ?e???sµ?? pa?aµ?t??? p??
pa?a??saµe, a?t? ??a param(greeting) ?a?
param(name)?a ???faµe print "ingreeting
inname! ltbrgt\n"

85
Server Application Programming Interfaces (SAPI)