Wind Power

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Wind Power

• Julie Bailey, PEng MSc
• Farm Energy Specialist, NSDA
• November 18, 2008

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• lt 5
• of NS farmers use
• Renewable Energy

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Wind
Electrical or Mechanical Energy
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Turbine Components
From RetScreen

• Components
• Rotor
• Gearbox
• Generator
• Tower
• Foundation
• Controls
• Types
• Horizontal axis
• Most common
• Vertical axis
• Less common

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Vertical Axis
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Pond Aeration

• Wind ? air compressor
• 650-1000
• Bubbler to prevent freezing
• NS Farm Investment Fund (FIF) funding

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Water Pumping Livestock Watering

• Wind ? electricity ? batteries ? DC pump
• 1000
• Wind ? mechanical ? pump ? reservoir
• air driven pump (650-800)
• piston pump (500 )
• 400-600 ft max lift
• Turbine over well
• 4 days of storage
• NS FIF funding
• Irrigation

http//www.agf.gov.bc.ca/resmgmt/publist/500series
/590305-1.pdf
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Electricity

• On-grid (net meter or RFP) or off-grid

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Net Meter Policies

• NS, NB and PEI
• 100kw limit
• 12 month
• You do not get paid for generating more than you
  use in a year!

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Selling Power

• RTP/Imbedded Generation
• Application process
• 6c/kwh
• plus 1c/kwh Federal Incentive for gt1 MW

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Off Grid

• Batteries
• Hybrid
• Remote
• Offset cost of running power lines
• 10,000/km

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Location, Location, Location
From RetScreen

• High average wind speeds are essential
• Power and wind speed3
• 4 m/s (14km/h) annual average is minimum
• Overestimate
• anemometer
• Wind speed tends to increase with height
• Good resources coastal areas, crests of long
  slopes, passes, open terrain, valleys that
  channel winds
• Usually windier during the day and in the winter

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Power Equation
? air density A wind swept area Wind
velocity
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Power and wind speed3
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Tower Height

• Rule of thumb
• 10 m higher than anything within 100 m
• Wind speed increases with height and less
  turbulence
• 10kw turbine
• 18m (60ft) vs (30m) 100ft
• ? cost by 10 and ? power output by 30

http//www.smallwindenergy.ca/en/FAQ.html
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Costs

• 1kW 10,000 (payback may be 10y-30y)
• Skystream 3.7 (2kW) 23,000
• Bergey 10kW 70,000
• SSP 15/50 (50kW) 230,000
• 1MW 1,500,000, payback can be lt5y
• Cost per kW ? for larger systems
• 10,000/kw for small vs 1000/kW for very large

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Things to Consider

• Maintenance
• Annual OM (2 of turbine cost)
• Some vendors claim 30 year maintenance free
• Usually 5 year limited warranty
• Project Life 20 years
• Very reliable (95 )
• when it is windy
• Cost and payback
• Environmental Concerns and Regulations
• Bylaw Restrictions

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Land Leasing Option
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Wind Education

• www.windpower.org
• Crash Course in Wind Energy
• http//www.windpower.org/en/kids/intro/index.htm
• Guided tour
• http//www.windpower.org/en/tour/

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Wind Example

• Glenn Jennings Bayview Poultry
• Masstown, Nova Scotia
• 12,000 layers
• 6000 pullets
• 6000/y in electricity

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First Step - Energy Conservation

• Lighting changes
• 40 Watt incandescent to 8 Watt CFL
• 16 reduction in total electric bills (950/y)
• Realized savings
• 600/y
• Additional savings potential
• 350/y
• Payback 1.5 yr
• 6.7 tonnes of CO2/y

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Wind Turbines

• 3 turbines
• Skysteam 3.7
• Southwest Windpower - Manufacturer
• Second Source Power - Contractor
• 1.9 kW rated capacity each
• 2.6 kW peak each
• 50 ft towers
• 2 Net Meters

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Video
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Savings and Costs

• To sept/08
• 25 reduction in electricity from wind
• 1500/y savings
• Almost 14,000kwh/y
• 10.5 tonnes of CO2/y
• Cost 23K each
• 70K project with 20K FIF funding 50K
• Simple Payback 33 years

Savings may increase with 12 months of data
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Other Benefits

• Accelerated Capital Cost Allowance
• Marketing
• Environment

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RetScreen Analysis
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New RetScreen
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Weather Data

• Latitude and Longitude
• http//gnss.nrcan.gc.ca/gnss-srt/searchName.jsp
• NASA Surface meteorology and Solar Energy Data
  Set
• http//eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/sse/RETScreen/

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Equipment Data
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(No Transcript)
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RetScreen Results

• 3 turbines (6kw combined capacity)
• 70,000 cost (50K after grant)
• 13,000 kwh/y savings
• 33 year simple payback
• Including tax benefits and 5 annual increase in
  electrical rates
• Positive cash flow at year 15
• Did not include OM costs or loan interest

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Larger Turbine

• 10kW Bergey Excel
• 70K cost for one
• Same as 3 Skystreams
• 100 ft tower
• 21,000kwh/y savings (62 more)
• 21.9 y simple payback with funding (-11.2y)
• Positive cash flow in year 11
• Still too small
• To supply 100
• 25kW-30kW

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Location Change

• Location Change
• Masstown,NS 5 m/s avg 33.1 y y 15
• Sydney, NS 5.6 m/s 25.7 y (-7.4) y 12
• Summerside, PEI 5.9m/s 22.8 y (-10.3) y 11
• Moncton , NB 4.9m/s 34.8 y (1.7) y 15

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Tower Height

• From 50ft and 33.1 y payback to
• 60ft
• Simple payback 2.3 y earlier
• Positive cash flow 1 y earlier
• 100 ft
• Simple payback 7.6 y earlier
• Positive cash flow 3 y earlier

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Example Summary

• Shop around
• Consider one larger turbine on higher tower vs.
  many small turbines
• Energy Conservation first

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Questions
Julie Bailey, PEng(902) 843-3722j2bailey_at_nsac.ca
Seppo Leinonen
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Renewables Funding Federal

• ecoENERGY for Renewable Heat Program
• Rebates for solar water and/or solar air panels
• ecoenergyrhp_at_nrcan.gc.ca
• ecoENERGY for Renewable Power
• 1c/kwh for large scale energy generation
• ecoENERGY Retrofit Incentive for Businesses
  Industry
• up to 25 or 10/GJ
• ecoAgriculture for BioFuels
• Accelerated Capital Cost Allowance

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Renewables Funding Federal (cont.)

• ecoENERGY Retrofit Incentive for Homes
• formerly EnerGuide
• 3500 GSHP and 1000 solar water, windows (etc)

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Renewables Funding Nova Scotia

• Conserve NS
• 15 funding for solar water and air
• 1-800-670-4636
• Farm Investment Fund
• 30-75 for renewables
• max 20K
• for registered farms
• 50 for renewables
• gt 50 for power supply (wind or solar) for remote
  systems (i.e. livestock watering systems, pond
  aeration, wells)
• EcoNova Scotia
• Underutilized technologies that reduce air
  emissions
• http//www.gov.ns.ca/ecoNovaScotia/

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Renewables Funding PEI

• Dept of Environment, Energy and Forestry
• PST Exemption
• Wind, solar, gshp, biogas, drain water
• lt100kw or 340,000Btus
• 1(902)569-7542
• Office of Energy Efficiency
• EcoEnergy Retrofit for Homes
• Up to 10,000 loan (6 interest)
• OR a 1500 grant
• 1(877)734-6336

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Renewables Funding Nfld

• Nfld Department of Environment and Conservation
• Green Fund
• Grants for energy conservation projects that
  reduce CO2
• Robert Sexton 1(709)729-0076

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Renewables Funding NB

• Efficiency NB
• Start Smart Energy Smart Programs
• New Commercial Buildings
• 2x annual energy savings
• Max 60,000
• Existing Buildings
• 1,000-3,000 audit funding (50)
• 10-15/GJ saved ( 30-50K max)