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Exchange of Respiratory Gases

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Poiseuille's law states that flow rate is inversely related to both the tube ... Bernouli's law relates the loss in pressure to the resistance of a system. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Exchange of Respiratory Gases


1
Introduction
  • Exchange of Respiratory Gases
  • Control of Acid/Base balance
  • Control of Blood pH
  • Consists of
  • Conductive system
  • Exchange system
  • Circulatory System Interface
  • Cellular respiration
  • External respiration
  • Internal respiration

2
The Gas Laws
  • Avogadros law and number
  • Equal volumes of gas at the same pressure contain
    the same number of molecules.
  • 6.02 x 10 23
  • Concentration of gas - Gas pressure
  • Boyles law of gas
  • V P
  • Pressure varies inversely with volume
  • Volume varies inversely with pressure
  • Pressure example with a Har bottle
  • mm Hg -- cm H2O -- Torr

3
The Gas Laws
  • Daltons Law of Partial Pressure

4
The Gas Laws
  • Laws of Gas Flow
  • Laminar flow - Turbulence
  • Poiseuille's law states that flow rate is
    inversely related to both the tube length and to
    the viscosity of the gas
  • Bernoulis law relates the loss in pressure to
    the resistance of a system. Total pressure is
    divided between flow( forward pressure) and
    lateral pressure

5
The Gas Laws
  • Fickes Law of Diffusion
  • Grahams Law
  • Diffusion of gases varies with molecular weight
  • higher molecular weight the slower the diffusion
  • Oxygen diffusion pure gas
  • Carbon Dioxide diffusion CO2 and Bicarbonate
    Ions
  • Henrys Law - law of the coke bottle
  • The amount of gas dissolved in a liquid varies
    directly with the total quantity of gas and the
    pressure of the gas.

6
The Gas Laws
  • Charless Law - effects of temperature on a gas
  • Pressure varies with Temperature
  • Heating a can example
  • Interaction with Boyles law
  • Daltons Law of Partial Pressure
  • Partial Pressure of a gas is proportional to the
    proportion of that gas in a mixture of gases
  • Oxygen 21 of 760 Torr 160 Torr
  • Nitrogen 79 or 600 Torr

7
Anatomy of the Upper Tract
  • Nose
  • External Nares or Nostrils
  • Nasal Cavity - boundries
  • Internal Nares
  • Conche
  • Hard Palate
  • Soft Palate and Uvula

8
Nasal Epithelium
  • Paranasal Sinuses
  • Olfactory Epithelium
  • Nasal Epithelium - Pseudostratified Ciliated
    Columnar Epithelium
  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx - Fauces narrowing flaps
  • Laryngopharynx
  • Tonsils (Palatine Lingual) and Adenoids or
    Pharyngeal
  • Eustachian tubes

9
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10
  • Larynx -adams apple
  • Epiglotttis
  • Glottis
  • Thyroid cartilage
  • Cricoid cartilage
  • Vocal cords

11
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12
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13
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14
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15
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16
  • Alveolar walls
  • Capillary walls

17
Lung structure
  • Type I Alveolar cell - respiratory
  • Type II- produces surfactant

18
Surfactant
19
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20
Respiratory Disorders
21
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22
Inspiration
  • Contraction of
  • External Intercostals
  • Diaphragm
  • Intra-alveolar pressure - 756
  • Volume moved 2.2 liters
  • Bucket Handle movement
  • Rib movement
  • Pump Handle movement
  • Sternum movement

23
Expiration
  • Passive movement
  • Elastic recoil of diaphragm
  • Elastic Recoil of lung tissue
  • Surfactant
  • Abdominal assist

24
Breathing
  • Effects of Posture
  • Abdominal Pressure

25
External Internal Respiration
26
Oxygen Disassociation Curve
  • Bohr Effect - Carbon Dioxide (c) effects oxygen
    transport
  • Haldane Effect - Oxygen levels effect carbon
    dioxide transport
  • Carbon Monoxide

27
Carbon Dioxide Transport
28
Carbon Dioxide Transport Tissue level
29
Carbon Dioxide Transport Lung level
30
Fetal Adjustments
Fetal
Postnatal
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