Respiratory and Circulatory Systems

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Respiratory and CirculatorySystems
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Objectives

• 14. I can state the function of the respiratory
  system
• 15. Identify where gas exchange occurs
• 16. Explain how gases move between body cells and
  alveoli

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Major Functions of Respiratory System

• Where gas exchange takes place
• Oxygen (O2) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

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Lungs are the only place where gases from the
blood and gases from air are exchanged

• RED BLOOD CELLS
• - Pick up oxygen from lungs and transports it to
  cells
• - Picks up carbon dioxide from cells and
  transports it back to lungs

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Respiratory Structures

• Sinus
• Nose
• Mouth
• Trachea
• Lungs
• Diaphragm

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Gas Exchange occurs in Alveoli

• 3 key principles
• O2 and CO2 are carried by the blood
• Lining of alveoli must be moist
• Gases move by diffusion
• - move from area of higher concentration to
  lower concentration

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How it works?

• Capillaries, which carry blood, surround and
  penetrate alveoli.

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• O2 concentration in alveoli is higher
• O2 diffuses from alveoli into blood

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• CO2 concentration is higher in blood
• CO2 diffuses from blood into alveoli

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Diaphragm

• Muscle that controls breathing
• Contracts and moves down during inhalation
  (breathing in)
• Relaxes and moves up during exhalation (breathing
  out)

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• Meet The Lungs

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Circulatory System
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Your Heart

• Beats about 100,000 times a day and circulates
  all 5 liters of blood every 60 seconds
• Diameter of aorta is about the same size around
  as a garden hose
• Human circulatory system is a closed system
• Leading cause of death in the US is heart disease

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Major Functions of Circulatory System

1. Carries nutrients and wastes
2. Transports gases (carbon dioxide and oxygen)
3. Carries hormones (endocrine)
4. Distributes heat

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Structures

• 4 chambered heart
• Valves
• Arteries, veins and capillaries
• Blood

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Heartbeat

• SA node gives off an electrical signal that
  starts wave of contractions
• Pacemakers replace SA nodes

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Roads That Carry Blood

• Arteries carry blood away from heart
• Thick walls, under great pressure
• Veins carry blood to the heart
• Thin walls contain valves
• Capillaries networks that move blood in and out
  of organs and tissue
• Thin walls allow diffusion in and out of blood

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Valves

• Flaps of tissue that prevent blood from flowing
  backward

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Pathway of Blood

• Heart pumps blood twice per cycle
• First through lungs to add oxygen and remove
  carbon dioxide
• Second time to distribute oxygenated blood
  throughout body

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Heart Diseases leading cause of death in U.S.

• Arteriosclerosis is when artery walls become
  thick and inflexible.
• Arthrosclerosis is when blood flow is partially
  or fully blocked by plaque.
• Both diseases can lead to heart attack, stroke or
  kidney damage

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• Your Heart
• How the Heart Works

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Blood

• Delivery system fluids, gases, nutrients,
  distributes heat, components fight infection and
  control bleeding
• Composed of Red Blood Cells
• White Blood Cells
• Platelets
• Plasma

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Red Blood Cells

• Function carry oxygen and carbon dioxide
• 40-50 of blood composition
• Produced from stem cells in bone marrow
• Biconcave shape like donut with solid center
• Live for 120 days recycled by liver/spleen
• Hemoglobin part that attaches to oxygen and
  carbon dioxide

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White Blood Cells

• Function defend against infection
• Very small amount of total blood composition
• 1 WBC for every 700 RBC
• Different types of white blood cells play
  different roles
• Also part of the immune system able to pass into
  lymphatic system and attack pathogens

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Platelets

• Function form clots to control bleeding
• Made in bone marrow
• Very small amount of total blood composition
• Form complex net to seal wound and begin repair
  process
• Disorders include forming large clots (in
  arteries) and the inability to clot (hemophilia)

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Plasma

• Function transports fluids and molecules
  throughout the body
• 55 of total blood composition
• Mostly water also glucose, vitamins, minerals,
  proteins, electrolytes, hormones and wastes

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Is blood ever blue?

• No
• Its always varying shades of red
• The iron in hemoglobin on red blood cells give it
  the red color
• Becomes bright red when it absorbs oxygen
• Publishers use blue color to distinguish blood
  with low oxygen from blood with high oxygen

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Explaining Blood Flow of Heart

• Right Side of the Heart
• Deoxygenated Blood from the body flows into the
  Right Atrium of the heart then gets pumped from
  the Right Ventricle to the Lungs

• Left Side of the Heart
• Oxygenated Blood flows from the lungs into the
  Left Atrium of the heart then gets pumped from
  the Left Ventricle through the Aorta to your Body