The circulatory and respiratory systems

1
The circulatory and respiratory systems

• Year 8 Health

2
The respiratory system

• Your respiratory system includes the parts of the
  body that result in you being able to breath.
• Your respiratory system is made of the nose and
  mouth, nasal cavity, larynx, pharynx, trachea,
  bronchi, lungs, bronchioles, alveoli and
  diaphram.
• The journey of air from outside of your body
  through to your muscles and organs where oxygen
  is needed begins at your mouth and nose.

3
The respiratory system
4
What is the function of the respiratory system?

• The respiratory system allows the body to
  breathe, bringing oxygen into the body and
  removing carbon dioxide.
• Brings air from atmosphere into the lungs
• Transfers oxygen into the blood.
• Removes carbon dioxide from the blood.
• Expels heat and water vapour in the air breathed
  out.
• Allows the vocal cords to create speech as air is
  breathed out.

5
The journey of air - Inhalation
6
What does each part do?

• Nose/Mouth Air is inhaled into the body through
  either the nose or the mouth
• Nasal Passage Air is moistened
• Pharynx A common area at the back of the mouth
  where food, drink and air passes
• Larynx The voicebox, air passing through here is
  what helps you to produce the sound needed to
  talk
• Trachea Referred to as the windpipe. It sits
  behind the sternum, so it provides a protected
  passage for the air to move into the lungs

7
What does each part do cont?

• Bronchi The trachea divides into two bronchi,
  each one feeding air to each of the lungs.
• Bronchioles Each bronchi breaks up into smaller
  passages. These break up smaller and smaller,
  like branches on a tree for the air to move
  through the lungs.
• Alveoli These are the leaves on the branches.
  This is where the oxygen is extracted from the
  air and transported into the bloodstream and
  carbon dioxide is moved out of the body and into
  the lungs to be breathed out of the body.

8
Inspiration and expiration

• INSPIRATION The diaphragm begins inspiration.
  When it contracts it pulls the ribcage down so
  that there is more room for the lungs to enlarge.
  Air is sucked into the lungs due to the larger
  amount of room and lower air pressure.
• EXPIRATION This occurs when the diaphragm and
  intercostal muscles relax. This relaxation causes
  the ribs to be brought in, making a smaller area
  for the lungs and as such squeeze the air out of
  the lungs.

9
Circulatory system

• The circulatory system works with the respiratory
  system to help transport oxygen to the major
  parts of the body and take carbon dioxide out of
  the body.

10
What is the function of the circulatory system?

• The circulatory system has many functions
  including
• Circulating blood to all parts of the body
• Transporting water, oxygen and nutrients to the
  cells
• Transporting wastes, such as carbon dioxide, away
  from the cells
• Maintaining correct body temperature and
• Helping to fight disease through white blood
  cells and antibodies contained in the blood

11
The journey of blood
12
What makes up the circulatory system?

• The circulatory system is made up of
• The Heart
• Arteries always carry oxygen-rich blood from the
  heart to the body. Arteries have thick, elastic,
  muscular walls
• Veins Veins carry blood with lower oxygen
  content because the muscles and cells have used
  it. This blood is returned to the heart and then
  the lungs. Veins have thinner, less elastic
  walls.
• Capillaries Capillaries are the smallest blood
  vessels. The exchange of nutrients and waste
  between the blood and the cell occurs in the
  capillaries. They have very thin walls to allow
  oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients to pass into
  the cells.
• Blood The only body tissue that is a liquid.
  Blood cells make up 45 and plasma makes up the
  other 55 of the blood volume

13
The heart
14
The heart continued

• The heart is a muscular organ
• It is responsible for pumping blood around the
  body
• The heart is a cardiac, involuntary muscle
• It is usually in the middle of the chest cavity,
  slightly off to the left
• The left side of the heart pumps blood to the
  body and as such pumps out oxygenated (oxygen
  rich) blood.
• The right side of the blood is not as strong as
  it is pushes the blood to the lungs to drop off
  wastes. The side pumps deoxygenated (oxygen poor)
  blood to the lungs

15
The heart continued

• The heart is made up of four chambers, a left and
  right atrium and left and right ventricle.
• The typical human heart is about the size of two
  clenched fists
• The heart has valves between the four chambers.
  These valves are used to move the blood from one
  chamber to another and prevent backflow into a
  chamber that it has already passed through.

16
What is in blood?

• Blood is made up of four different components
• Red Blood Cells These carry oxygen to, and
  carbon dioxide from the cells and muscles.
• White Blood Cells Pass through capillary walls
  into body cells to fight disease
• Platelets Causes blood to clot when a blood
  vessel is damaged (if you cut yourself, platelets
  help to stop the bleeding by forming a scab)
• Plasma Carries the blood cells. Provides cells
  with proteins, salts, glucose, fats, antibodies
  and some oxygen, while removing wastes

17
The human pulse

• Taking your heart rate is recording the pressure
  of the blood being pushed around the arterial
  system.
• The two most common sites for taking your heart
  rate are the carotid and radial pulse.
• The radial pulse is near the radius of your arm
  (the thumb side of your wrist), it is your radial
  artery.
• The carotid pulse is in your neck, it is called
  your carotid artery.
• You should always take your pulse for 10 seconds,
  count how many beats there are and then multiply
  this by six to find the beats per minute.
• Never use your thumb to find your pulse because
  you can often feel a pulse in your thumb.