MAIZE PROGRAM IN COLOMBIA

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MAIZE PROGRAMINCOLOMBIA

• Alejandro Navas
• ISU Agronomy
• March 2/99

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OUTLINE

• 1. Geographical location
• 2. General information
• 3. Brief historical review
• 4. Production
• 4.1 Area, production and yield
• 4.2 Systems
• 4.3 Producing Regions

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OUTLINE

• 5. Limitations of Production
• 6. Strategies of Research
• 7. Results and Discussion
• 8. Future Research

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1. Geographical location
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1. Geographical location
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2. General information

• Coordinates Lat. 4o 35 56 North
• Long. 74o 04 51
  West
• Area 1141.748 sq. kms (Iowa 145,754)
• Population 35,8 million
• Capital Santafé de Bogotá
• Urban population 70
• Natural regions The Atlantic Coast, The Pacific
  Coast, The Orinoco River Basin, The Amazon River
  Basin and The Andean

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3. Historical Review

• 1914 The first agricultural college was
  founded in Medellin Goal To improve seed and
  agronomy practices in maize.
• 1927 The first experimental station was
  founded in Bogotá La Picota.
• 1934 The Agricultural School of the Cauca
  Valley and Agricultural Experimental Station -
  Palmira.
• 1945 First commercial variety was released
  in Tulio Ospina (Venezuela 1)

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3. Historical Review

• Until 1950 only National Researchers
• ETO Estacion Tulio Ospina.
• 1950 Colombian government and Rockefeller
  Foundation created OIE
• ( Special Research Office ).
• 1951 ROCOL cultivars were released
• 1952 Germplasm Bank was created. To
• conserve the germplasm of the Andean Region.
• 1953 ROCOL H- 202 and 203 first double
  hybrids were released.

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3. Historical Review

• 1955 The DIA was created (Agricultural
  Research Department).
• 1956 - 1961 The books about Races of maize in
  Colombia, Bolivia, Chile were published
• 1962 The ICA was created
• (Colombian Agricultural Institute)
• 1965 First two Ph.D in the maize program

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3. Historical Review

• 1969 Two hybrids with O2 gene were released
  (ICA H-208 and ICA H-255)
• 1971 The first single hybrid was released ( ICA
  H.S. 209)
• 1973 ICA H-210 br2 double hybrid
• 1978 ICA H-211 yielded 10.9 t ha-1
• 1981 PLANIA MAIZ-1
• 1983 ICA- CIMMYT and ICA-FENALCE
  Collaborative projects for research were signed.

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3. Historical Review

• 1984 Regeneration of 2,097 entries ( 23
  Colombian races) ICA-NC-ARS
• 1985 Latin American Maize Project
• 1993 CORPOICA was created, Colombian
  Corporation of Agricultural Research Non-profit
  private institution
• Objective to develop and transfer
  sustainable, competitive and equitable
  agricultural technologies that increase
  efficiency of agricultural production.

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4. Production4.1 Area, production and yields
Source Corpoica - Colombia , 1998
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4. Production4.2 Systems
Production
Area
Yield
Source Corpoica - Colombia , 1998
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4.3 Producing Regions
Source Corpoica - Colombia , 1998
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5. Limitations of production

• Andean Inter and association cropping
  systems, agronomy practices.
• Atlantic Ear and foliar diseases, drought, low
  N, earliness, lodging, pest, yield.
• Orinoco Aluminum toxicity, lodging, stalk
• pest, yield.
• Valleys foliar and stalk pest, drought,
  salinity, weeds, erosion, earliness.
• Amazon and Pacific

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6. Strategies of research

• To increase production and productivity
• to characterize system of production
• Atlantic and Orinoco natural regions.
• to remove limitations of the systems
• genetic improvement for tolerance to abiotic and
  biotic stress.
• to develop and transfer sustainable,
  competitive and equitable agricultural
  technologies that increase efficiency of
  agricultural production.

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Research Stations of CORPOICA
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7. Results and Discussion

• Germplasm bank 5,227 collections are conserved
  137 races from 31 countries including Colombia (
  2,589 ).
• Regeneration and evaluation of 2097 Colombian
  collections ICA-NCARS-LAMP-CIMMYT-CORPOICA
• Some special traits Tolerance to drought, low N,
  flooding, and diseases. Morphological traits such
  as big ears, short stalks, angle leaves.

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7. Results and Discussion

• 51 open-pollinated varieties and 36 hybrids
  have been released. Eleven OPV and one hybrid
  from ICA-CIMMYT project.
• 380 publications ( scientific and technical
  papers, thesis, etc). Thesis Bs 65 Ms15 and
  PhD 5 .
• Scientific capacity and trained human
  resources for the country

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8. Future research

• Focus on Atlantic and Orinoco natural regions.
• Atlantic region to rotate maize / cotton,
  mechanical system, early hybrids, drought and low
  N tolerance.
• Orinoco region Al toxicity tolerance,
  inter-cropping maize//forages systems gt
  livestock
• Improve and increase hybrids maize projects.
• Marker Assisted Selection Selection under stress
  conditions.

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8. Future research

• National Maize Plan CORPOICA-CIMMYT-FENALCE
• budget special tax over importation's maize
• U 2 million/ year
• Consortium on Developing Maize Cultivars for
  Sustainable Production System in Acid Soils 5
  years and 4 U million

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
ISU Dr. Arnel R. Hallauer
CIMMYT Dr. Shivaji Pandey Dr. Carlos De Leon Dr.
Luis Narro Ing. Juan C Perez
CORPOICA V Md. Sony Reza Ing. Sergio Mejia K
Ing. Jose G. Ospina Ing. Ramiro Urrea
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