Nuclear chemistry

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Nuclear chemistry

• The Chemistry of the changes in the Nucleus

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TERMS

• Radiation The process of decay of a nucleus by
  emitting particles or rays.
• Decay The changing of the nuclear identity of an
  atom.
• Fusion The fusing of two light nuclei into
  another elemental form. Hydrogen is the most
  common.

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Terms.1

• Fission The breaking apart of a heavy nuclei
  into different nuclear structure, by bombarding
  the nucleus with another particle.

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Types of Radiation

• Alpha This is a helium nucleus (minus its
  electrons) emitted by a radioactive element.
• Alpha particles will not penetrate skin.
• Alpha particles cause extreme damage if ingested
  inside an organism.

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Alpha Decay

• Alpha DecayThe reason alpha decay occurs is
  because the nucleus has too many protons which
  causes excessive repulsive forces in the nucleus.
  In an attempt to reduce repulsion a Helium
  nucleus is emitted.
• The atomic number of the element is reduced by 2
  and the atomic mass is reduced by 4.

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Types of Radiation.1

• Beta are electrons. The atomic number of the
  particle is -1 and the mass number is 0. The
  electron comes from the decay of a neutron into a
  proton.
• They will penetrate the skin and the body to a
  depth of 3-4 cm, and cause cell damage.

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Beta Decay

• Beta decay occurs when the neutron to proton
  ration is too great in the nucleus and causes
  instability. In basic beta decay, a neutron is
  turned into a proton and an electron. There can
  be a positron emission when the neutron to proton
  ratio is too small. This is basically a
  positively charged particle about the size of an
  electron.

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Types of Radiation.2

• Gamma A rays as opposed to particles and the are
  really high charged energetic X-rays.
• Gamma rays can penetrate 6 inches of lad or 12
  inches of steel. They are so fast that they do
  not do much damage to the body unless there are a
  lot of them. Then they create a massive amount of
  heat.

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Gamma Decay

• Gamma Decay occurs because the nucleus is at too
  high an energy state. The nucleus falls to a
  lower energy state, and in the process a high
  energy photon known as a gamma particle is
  emitted.

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Band of Stability
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BALANCING NUCLEAR EQUATIONS

• 1. The sum of the mass numbers on the left side
  must equal the sum of the mass numbers on the
  right side.
• The sum of the electric charges on the left side
  must equal the sum of the electric charges on the
  right side.