Structure of the

1

• Structure of the
• English Language
• (and what you need to be able to do with it)

2
Phonetics

• The study and systematic classification of speech
  sounds
• Phonemic awareness
• Accurate phoneme production

3
Phonology

• The study of speech sounds and their functions in
  a language
• Phonics and the rules that govern it
• Recognize and describe phonological errors in
  speaking, reading, and writing
• Plan and teach activities to enhance phoneme and
  syllable awareness
• Know developmental continuum of phonological
  skills and link to reading, writing and use of
  language
• Develop organized word study based on sound
  structure (as opposed to meaning)

4
Morphology

• The study of structure and forms of words
  including derivation (language of origin),
  inflection (how words change in form), and
  compounding (making a new word from 2 words)
• Know and be able to teach morphemes--smallest
  meaning units such as roots, prefixes, suffixes
  (-s, -ing,re-, lat-, -cept-)
• Know and be able to teach Latin and Greek roots
• Organize word study based on meaning

5
Orthography

• The representation of the sounds of a language by
  written or printed symbols (graphemes or letters)
• Know spelling patterns, stages, and rules
  (predictable and unpredictable)
• Develop systematic plan for teaching decoding
  (reading) and encoding (spelling)

6
Semantics

• The study of meaning in language--vocabulary
• Know and be able to teach antonyms, synonyms,
  analogies
• Know how to provide repeated exposure in context
  and formal study of vocabulary

7
Syntax and Text Structure

• The study of how sentences are formed and the
  grammatical rules that govern their formation
• Know and be able to teach grammar (underlying
  structure that can be manipulated)
• Know and be able to teach in writing common
  paragraph forms
• Know and be able to teach types of texts and how
  to read them