PLINP201 Phonology of English Lecture 2: Allophony

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PLINP201 Phonology of EnglishLecture
2Allophony
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allophones of /t/
various degrees of aspiration top, stop,
letter variability in final position right. va
riation in place of articulation train,
eighth various special kinds of
release button, bottle
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Does this word have a /t/?
taxonomic phonemics generative phonology
postman "p_at_Usm_at_n no(if so pronounced) yes
soften "sQfn no yes
whistle "wIsl no no
chalet "SleI no no
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night-time

• taxonomic-phonemic /"naIttaIm/
• phonetic "naIthaIm

a string of two phonemes, but only one (long)
phonetic segment
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A fortis plosive is aspirated when initial
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A fortis plosive is aspirated when initial in a
syllable with a strong vowel
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A fortis plosive is aspirated when initialin a
syllable with a strong vowel

• dissipate "dIsIpeIt
• bedtime "bedtaIm
• indicate "IndIkeIt

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Waveforms of the three Thai words bâ 'crazy',
pâ 'aunt', phâ 'cloth'. From Peter Ladefoged,
2001, Vowels and consonants, p. 122
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tie
die
sty
from Ladefoged, A Course in Phonetics
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4. An aspirated plosive is one followed by a
brief h-sound. That is, there is a delay
between the release of the primary closure of the
articulators and the beginning of the sound that
follows. During this delay air continues to be
expelled from the lungs through the open
glottis.English p t k are ? aspirated when at
the beginning of a syllable (if it has a strong
vowel) ? unaspirated when preceded by s at the
beginning of a syllable or followed by an
obstruent ? slightly aspirated or unaspirated
elsewhere.
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If a liquid (r, l) or semivowel (j, w) comes
between the plosive and the vowel, then
aspiration takes the form of making this
consonant voiceless.
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/l/ gt clear before a vowel sound
let, valley, allow "let, "vli, _at_"laU
/l/ gt dark elsewhere
milk, table, middle "mIlk, "teIblÙ, "mIdlÙ
now perhaps vocalized gt o
"mIok, "teIbo, "mIdo
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