Definition

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Definition

• Headland
• 1. A Headland is an area of land adjacent to
  water on three sides
• 2. An area of land that protrudes into the sea
• Bay
• 1. A Bay is the reverse, an area of water
  bordered by land on three sides
• 2. A body of water partially enclosed by land but
  with a wide mouth
• Bay refers to the water, not the land

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Formation - Inputs

• Alternating bands of parallel soft and resistant
  rocks
• Perpendicular to the sea
• Destructive waves
• Weak swash and strong backwash

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Formation - Processes
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Formation - Processes

• Headlands and bays have different resistance
  against erosion
• Erosion processes such as
• Hydraulic action
• Corrasion
• Attrition
• Due to the differential rates of erosion,
  resistant rocks would protrude to form Headlands
• The body to water that is formed due to the
  retreat of the soft rock is called the bay

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Erosion Processes

• Abrasion/ Corrasion
• Rock debris hurled against the coast by waves
  wears away coastal rocks
• Attrition
• Rock particles in water knock against and break
  down each other. This results in the rocks being
  smaller, smoother and more rounded
• Corrosion/ Solution
• The dissolving of soluble minerals in rocks by
  seawater
• Hydraulic action
• - Impacts of waves crashing on the coast which
  causes the rocks to break apart and be removed

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Formation - Processes

• How soft rocks are eroded
• A notch is formed
• The unsupported material collapses
• The repeated process causes the soft rock to
  retreat

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Formation - Outputs

• When the soft rocks retreat, the resistant rocks
  are exposed to form headlands
• Headlands are subjected to erosion by wave
  refraction to form coastal landforms. They are
  caves, arches, stacks then stumps
• These stumps are eventually eroded too, which
  results in the retreat of the headland

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Formation - Outputs

• Bay-head beaches would form as sea deposits
  materials in the bay
• This causes the bay to advance
• These two processes eventually straighten out the
  coastline, and the whole process repeats

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Headlands and bays
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Landforms formed from headlands
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