Celebrating Earth Day 2004 Kihei High School

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Celebrating Earth Day 2004Kihei High School
People affect the Earth The Earth affects
people Jim Buika www.pdc.org
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Tsunami Awareness Monthwww.pdc.org
What is a Tsunami ?
Pacific Disaster Center
590 Lipoa Parkway, Suite 259 Kihei, Maui, Hawaii
96753http//www.pdc.org - Contact_at_pdc.org 1-808-8
91-7939 - 1-808-891-0526 (Fax)
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What is a Tsunami?
Tsunami (soo-NAH-mee) is a series of waves of
extremely long wave length and long period,
generated in a body of water by an impulsive
disturbance that displaces the water.
Tsunami is a Japanese word represented by two
characters "tsu" and "nami". The character "tsu"
means harbor, while the character "nami" means
wave.
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What Causes a Tsunami?
Earthquakes Landslides
Meteorites
Earthquakes generate tsunamis when the sea floor
abruptly deforms and displaces the overlying
water from its equilibrium position. Waves are
formed when the displaced water mass, acting
under the influence of gravity, attempts to
regain its equilibrium.
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Historical Tsunami Events
Historical Tsunami Events
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Simulation Modeling
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Tsunami Travel Timeto Hawaii Japan
Travel Time 5 Hours to Hawaiian Islands
3-to-5 Hours to Japan
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Historical Hawaii Events
Hawaii Tsunami Events
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Detailed Hawaii Events
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1946 Hilo, Hawaii
1946 The tsunami of 1946 was generated by a
magnitude 7.1 earthquake in the Aleutian Islands.
This tsunami struck the Big Island of Hawaii on
April 1st. The tsunami flooded the downtown area
of Hilo killing 159 people and causing more than
26 million in damages.
April 1, 1946 tsunami. Damage in Hilo, Hawai'i.
Photo from the Pacific Tsunami Museum Archives.
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1952 Keika Bay, Oahu
1952 On November 4, 1952 a tsunami was generated
by a magnitude 8.2 earthquake on the Kamchatka
Peninsula in the USSR. In Hawaii, property damage
from these waves was estimated at
800,000-1,000,000 (1952 dollars) no lives were
lost. The waves beached boats, caused houses to
collide, destroyed piers, scoured beaches, and
moved road pavement.
November 4, 1952 tsunami. Aerial view of Kaika
Bay near Haleiwa on thenorth shore of Oahu shows
the fourth wave climbing up the beach toward
thebeach houses and the extent of inundation
from previous waves. Photo from National
Geophysical Data Center.
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1957 Laie Point, Oahu
1957 On March 9, 1957 a tsunami was generated by
a magnitude 8.3 earthquake in the Aleutian
Islands. It generated a 8-m (24 feet) tsunami
that did great damage on Adak Island, especially
to the fuel and oil docks. The Hawaiian Islands
incurred about 5,000,000 of damage in 1957
dollars. The highest wave in Hawaii was 3.6 m (12
feet).
March 9, 1957 tsunami. Arrival of a major wave at
Laie Point on theIsland of Oahu.Photo from
National Geophysical Data Center.
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1964 Island of Hawaii
1964 At Midway Island the tide gauge registered
only a 0.1 m change in sea level. On the island
of Oahu maximum run up was up to 4.8 meters but
the Honolulu tide gauge only measured 0.5 meter
change in sea level. At Kahului, Maui, maximum
run up was up to 3.7 meters and the Kahului tide
gauge recorded 3.7 meters. On the island of
Hawaii maximum run up was up to 3 meters and the
tide gauge at Hilo recorded 2.1 meter change in
sea level. Tsunami Travel Times Tsunami travel
times to the Hawaiian Islands (first wave) were
as follows Midway 4.9 hours Honolulu 5.3 hours
Kahului 5.2 hours Hilo 5.4 hours. Tsunami
Periods Tsunami periods as measured from tide
gauge records were as follows Midway 15
minutes Honolulu 21 minutes, Kahului 23
minutes Hilo 19 minutes.
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1960 Hilo, Island of Hawaii
1960 The tsunami of May 23, 1960 was generated by
a magnitude 8.3 earthquake in Chile. The 35 foot
tsunami struck Hilo, Hawaii causing severe
damage. 61 deaths were recorded and 23 million
in damage occurred. In the area of maximum
destruction, only buildings of reinforced
concrete or structural steel, and a few others
sheltered by these buildings, remained standing -
and even these were generally gutted. Frame
buildings were either crushed or floated nearly
to the limits of the flooding.
March 23, 1960 tsunami. Damage behind the Hilo
Theater. Photo from the Pacific Tsunami Museum
Archives.
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1975 Halape Beach Park, Island of Hawaii
1975 On November 29, 1975, an earthquake occurred
off the coast of the Big Island of Hawaii. When
the quake-generated tsunami struck, 32 campers
were at Halape Beach Park. The sound of falling
rocks from a nearby cliff, along with earth
movement caused the campers to flee toward the
ocean. They were then forced back to the cliff by
rising ocean waters. The first wave was 5 feet
high, but the second wave was 26 feet high and
carried the unfortunate campers into a ditch near
the base of the cliff, where they remained until
the ordeal ended. Two campers died and 19
suffered injuries.
November 29, 1975 locally generated tsunami.
Damage at Punalu'u, on theBig Island of
Hawai'i.Photo from the Pacific Tsunami Museum
Archives. Source(s)Pacific Tsunami Museum
Archive http//planet-hawaii.com/tsunami/Nation
al Geophysical Data Center. http//www.geophys.wa
shington.edu/tsunami/
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Example of a Local Tsunami
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Tsolutions to Tsunamis?
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PDC Automated Tsunami Alert System for Hawaii
The Pacific Disaster Centers Automated Tsunami
Alert System For Hawaii
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System OutputAutomatic Notification
Pacific Disaster Center
PDC Private Website Emergency Management
Operations System (EMOPS)
Output
Input
Automated Tsunami Alert System
Output
MobileTelecommunications Switching Office
Automated Notification Pager, Cell Phones
Email
Pacific Disaster Center Proprietary and
Confidential
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Celebrating Earth Day
Mahalo KidsCast for Peace Protect our Earth Jim
Buika Pacific Disaster Center Kihei Maui Hawaii