Equine Behavior - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Equine Behavior

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Detect sounds. Determine location of sound. To provide sensory information ... We or another animal cause them to move when they prefer not to ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Equine Behavior


1
Equine Behavior
2
What Affects Behavior?
  • Environment
  • Experiences
  • Diet
  • Exercise
  • Stress
  • Genetics
  • Gender
  • Type
  • Breed
  • Family group

3
  • Smell
  • Identify other horses
  • Mating
  • Locate water, feed
  • Vomeronasal organ
  • Pheromones
  • Ears Hearing
  • Detect sounds
  • Determine location of sound
  • To provide sensory information
  • Hear in range 14 Hz to 25 kHz (humans 20 Hz to 20
    kHz)
  • Auricle 180o rotation
  • Ear position generally relates to visual attention

4
  • Touch
  • Responsive to pain, pressure, cold and heat
  • Sensitive areas
  • Eyes, ears and nose
  • Withers, ribs, flanks and legs
  • Suffers fatigue  

5
VISION
  • Primary detector of danger
  • Acute ability to detect movement
  • Monocular Binocular vision
  • Monocular field of vision 215o for each eye
  • Binocular field of vision 60o-70o
  • Often raise head to observe close objects
  • Lower head to observe faraway objects

Monocular field Up to 215o
Binocular field 60-70o
Marginal zone
Monocular field
6
Visual Signs
  • Ears
  • Tail
  • Mouth lips
  • Eyes
  • Nostrils

7
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8
Horse BehaviorSocial Organization
  • Harem groups Domestic horses, Przewalski horse
    some zebra
  • Territorial breeders-Donkeys some zebras

9
Social Organization
  • Harem
  • Family
  • Mares
  • Stallion
  • Bachelor Group

10
Ten Natural Survival Traits
  • Depends on flight as its primary means of
    survival
  • One of the most perceptive of all domestic
    animals
  • Very fast response time
  • Can be desensitized from frightening stimuli
  • Horses forgive, but do not forget

11
Ten Natural Survival Traits
  • Horses categorize
  • A) something not to fear, so ignore or explore
  • B) Something to fear, so flee
  • Horses are easily dominated
  • Horses exert dominance by controlling the
    movement of their peers. Horse accept dominance
    when
  • We or another animal cause them to move when they
    prefer not to
  • We or another animal inhibit movement when they
    want to flee

12
Ten Natural Survival Traits
  • The body language of a horse is unique to the
    equine species
  • Horse is a precocial species (newborn foals are
    neurologically mature at birth)

13
Types of Horse Behavior
  • Ingestive behavior
  • Eliminative behavior
  • Epimeletic behavior -Care-giving care-seeking
    behavior

14
Types of Horse Behavior
  • Sexual
  • Polygamous
  • One offspring
  • Seasonal Breeders
  • Fetal behavior
  • Parturient behavior

15
Horse Behavior
  • Self-care behavior
  • Homeostatic influences
  • Grooming
  • Rest
  • Awake 80
  • Drowsiness 8
  • Sleep 12
  • Autogroom
  • Mutual Groom

16
Types of Horse BehaviorInvestigative Behavior
  • Play behavior
  • Exploratory behavior

17
Types of Horse Behavior
  • Allelomimetic Behavior
  • Mimicry

18
Types of Horse BehaviorAgonistic Behavior
19
Types of Horse Behavior
  • Dominance/Submission (Social Order)

20
Horse Behavior
  • Spacing
  • Individual distance
  • Group distance
  • Social distance
  • Flight distance
  • Home range
  • Territorial

21
Activity
  • Diurnal
  • Travel up to 16 km/d (10 mile/d)
  • Home range, can be up to 1000 ha.(2500 acres)
  • Range 0.8-303 sq. km (0.5-188 sq. mile)

22
Average Time Budgets For Horses
23
Behavioral Considerations in Equine Handling
  • HERD INSTINCT
  • HOMING INSTINCT
  • FLIGHT
  • DOMINANCE HEIREACHY
  • TERRITORIAL BEHAVIOR
  • SELF-DEFENSE
  • HABIT

24
Stress
  • Good Stress The stressful condition in which
    the horse can find a solution that will relieve
    the stress
  • Harmful Stress A stressful condition in which
    there is no possible solution or escape.

25
Responses To Harmful Stress
  • Habituate
  • Develop abnormal behavior
  • Permanent fear memory

26
Equine Stereotypes
  • Oral
  • Cribbing
  • Tongue movements
  • Lip movements

27
Equine Stereotypes
  • Locomotion
  • Head movements (bobbing, tossing, shaking,
    swinging, nodding)
  • Throat rubbing
  • Pacing
  • Weaving
  • Fence or stall walking

28
Equine Stereotypes
  • Locomotion
  • Circling
  • Stomping
  • Kicking
  • Pawing
  • Digging
  • Tail rubbing

29
Equine Stereotypes
  • Self-Mutilation
  • Self-biting (flank, chest, shoulder)
  • Wall-kicking
  • Lunging into objects

30
EQUINE VICES
  • AGGRESSIVE VICES
  • Biting
  • Charging
  • Crowding
  • Rearing
  • Kicking
  • Striking
  • Fighting

31
EQUINE VICES
  • METABOLIC VICES
  • Coprophagy or dirt eating
  • Cribbing
  • Mane and tail chewing
  • Wood chewing

32
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