COAST WORKSHOP Jan' 2425th:

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COAST WORKSHOP (Jan. 24-25th) FOUR REASONS FOR
HIGH FREQUENCY DATA (biased on our experiences)
Oscar Schofield, Josh Kohut Scott Glenn Coastal
Ocean Observation Lab
Thanks to Bob Arnone, Bob, Chant, Gary
Kirkpatrick, Steve Lohrenz, Kevin Mahoney
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NATURAL VARIABILITY Where do you put a
mooring? Where do drive the ship? When should I
be out there?
Thanks Mossian (NASA) and Wilkins (Rutgers)
-SPATIAL RESOLUTION YES, TEMPORAL RESOLUTION
REASONS?
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Benefits of high frequency
-Weather Local weather can compromise imagery
if the pass is unfortunately timed.
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PROBLEM CROSS CALIBRATING DIVERSE SYSTEMS
The current mode to overcome these diel weather
effects, is to tap into multiple satellite
systems.
Problems -getting access to all Available
systems -some systems only release derived
products, cant easily compare raw data or
calculate evolving products -distributed
sampling over the day. OCM passes 20 minutes
after SeaWIFS. -If you want real-time feed you
need both X-band and L-Band facilities
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• REGIONS AROUND THE COUNTRY WHERE THESE DIEL
• EFFECTS MAY IMPORTANT
• - Gulf of Maine Morning fog and haze
• Mid South Atlantic Bights Afternoon cumulus,
  afternoon sea breezes
• Gulf of Mexico Afternoon cumulus, afternoon sea
  breezes
• West Coast United States Morning fog and haze

-High frequency data will enable researchers by
collecting data throughout the day. This
maximizes the potential of collecting imagery
during the open window of time. This window
will vary with region and ocean.
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EVENTS AND OCEAN RESPONSE
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Ocean Response to a Northeaster (Oct. 2002)
FY-1D (Chinese Satellite Locally Acquired In
Real Time)
Before the Storm
After the Storm
?
SeaWiFS (US Satellite from a National
Center 2-Days Later)
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January 16, 2005 1047 January 19, 2005 1650
Surface Currents Depth-Averaged Currents
Clear sky
bb(532nm)
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NJSOS Endurance Line Seasonal Cross-Shelf
Optical Backscatter Transects
1 day
HOURLY DATA OR BETTER IS THE KEY
Depth
Longitude
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Assist In Detection and Classification
Some properties have a diel cycle associated with
it. Documenting the diel dynamics can thus
potentially assist in documenting and identifying
material in the ocean
Case example and idea
Detection of K. brevis
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0
0.20
A)
Depth (m)
5
atotal 676 nm
0.10
When K. brevis Blooms, conditions tend to be
calm. Under these Conditions the cells exhibit
a dramatic diel migration. The net result is a
10X increase in cells at the air-sea interface
over a several hour period.
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1.6
A)
Karenia brevis cell abundance
B)
0.30
1.2
Cells L-1 (x105)
0.8
dissolved a(440) (m-1)
0.25
0.4
0.20
0.0
0800
1400
2000
0200
Time of Day
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ABSOLUTE REFELCTANCE CHANGES
COLOR IS MODIFIED OVER A 4 HOUR PERIOD
B)
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75
2.7
0.4
Relative increase in remote sensing
reflectance at 500 nm ( ) and 676 nm ( )
2.3
0.2
35
1.9
1.5
0
0800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Local Daylight Time (LDT)
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THIS WOULD COMPLEMENT THE EXISITING
DETECTIONAPPROACHES BASED ON UNIQUE OPTICS
HOURLY DATA OR BETTER IS THE KEY
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PLUMES, BLOOMS, AND EPISODIC EVENTS
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Lagrangian Transport and Transformation
Experiment in the Hudson River Plume
Downwelling
Upwelling
Wind Dir.
25 cm/s
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How are human activities affected by the oceans,
and do human activities underlie many of the
observed changes in the ocean? What are the
effects of the oceans, and the potential
feedbacks from our activities, on humankind?
Dissolved gaseous (elemental) mercury (Hg) in
the Hudson River buoyant plume
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Plume detection using Ocean Color Sensors
May 4, 2004
360-m Resolution
May 4, 2004
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Radial CODAR velocities along the New Jersey Coast
30 cm/s
Radial Velocity (cm/s)
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Evolution of a freshwater plume May 4, 2004
0600 GMT
Winds (m/s) Tidal Elevation (m) Freshwater
Outflow (m3/s)
CODAR Total Vector Currents
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Evolution of a freshwater plume May 3, 2004
1200 GMT
Winds (m/s) Tidal Elevation (m) Freshwater
Outflow (m3/s)
CODAR Total Vector Currents
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The Tidal impact on the plume
Tidal Velocity (M2 K1)
Radial Velocity (cm/s)
Radial Velocity (cm/s)
Detided Velocity
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LaTTE Adaptive Sampling based on Operational
Center Data Products Dye Release and Acoustic
Fish Larval Surveys
HOURLY DATA OR BETTER IS THE KEY
04-May-2004 161326 - 10-May-2004 103008 (GMT)
Plume Edge
Seaward of the edge
Shoreward of the edge
Depth (m)
18 m
Sea floor
Time/Distance
-7352
-7350
-7348
-7346
-7344
-7354
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Examples why higher frequency data will be most
welcome -minimizes gaps, critical for
monitoring events overcomes local weather
problems -critical to nearshore transport and
transformation (pollution) -classification and
detection tools