The Colonies Come of Age

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Chapter 3

• The Colonies Come of Age

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Section 1 England and its Colonies

• Benefits of the trade relationship
• a. Mercantilism- countries were in competition
  to acquire gold and silver. Britain used the
  colonies as a supplier of raw materials and
  producer of goods and materials to be sold to
  other nations.

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• b. Navigation Acts- series of laws restricting
  colonial trade. Passed in 1651.
• Pro-spurred a boom in colonial shipbuilding.
• Con-colonial merchants resented the trade
  restrictions.

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Section 2 The Agricultural South

• Plantation Economy
• Cash crop- grown for sale than farmers own use.
• Maryland/Virginia/NCarolina- tobacco
• South Carolina/Georgia- rice and indigo
• Life in Southern Society
• Women treated as second class citizens
• Indentured servants- declining number in the mid
  1600s

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European Slave Trade

• Triangular trade- process for trading rum and
  other goods from New England to Africa exchanged
  for African peoples transported to the West
  Indies and sold for sugar and molasses. Goods
  sent to New England.
• Middle passage- a part of the triangle trade
  considered the most harshterrible, cruel
  treatment
• Slave life- difficult life of bondage. 80
  worked in fields. Others worked in domestic or
  artisan work.

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Section 3 The Commercial North

• Economy
• Middle- farms raised a variety of crops and
  livestock- wheat, corn, cattle and hogs.
• New England- grinding wheat, harvesting fish and
  sawing lumber, shipbuilding, iron

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Urban Life

• Large cities developed- New York, Charleston,
  Philadelphia, Boston.
• Immigrants came for religious and economic
  reasons.
• Slavery considered property but had greater
  legal standing than other colonies
• Women extensive work responsibilities but few
  legal rights. Could not vote, buy or sell
  property, or keep their own wages.

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Witchcraft Salem, Massachusetts

• February 1692, several Salem girls accused a West
  Indian slave woman, Tituba, of practicing
  witchcraft.
• Hysteria ensued and more false accusations were
  made.
• 19 persons were hung
• 1 killed by crushing
• 4-5 died in jail
• 150 were imprisoned

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New Ideas

• The Enlightenment- used reason and scientific
  method to obtain knowledge. Scientists looked
  beyond religious doctrine to investigate how the
  world worked.
• a. Copernicus, Galileo, Newton- influenced
  Enlightenment period
• b. Benjamin Franklin believed in truth through
  experimentation and reasoning.
• c. Thomas Jefferson- concluded individuals have
  natural rights, which government must respect.

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• 2. The Great Awakening
• a. religious revival- traveling preachers urged
  people to rededicate themselves to God.
• b. brought many colonists, Native Americans and
  African Americans into organized Christian
  churches.
• These movements helped the colonists to question
  Britains authority over their lives.

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Section 4French and Indian War

• 1750sFrance and Great Britain were struggling to
  build world empires
• Major area in the rivalry was the Ohio River
  Valley
• 1754..French built Fort Duquesne on land the
  British had previously granted to a group of
  wealthy planters
• The Virginia governor sent a militia, led by
  George Washington to Fort Necessity (40 miles)
• French forced Washington to surrender.
• These battles began the war

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• Another attack on Fort Duquesne led by Ed
  Braddock also ended in French victory
• Finally the British won - led by William Pitt,
  aided by the Iroquois Native American tribe. Area
  just outside Quebec.
• War officially ended with the Treaty of Paris in
  1763
• Great Britain claimed all of North America east
  of the Mississippi River, including Florida (from
  Spain, which was an ally of France)
• Spain gained French lands west of the Mississippi
  River
• France kept control of few small islands near
  Newfoundland and West Indies

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Native American relations

• The loss in the war for the French was also a
  loss for Native Americas.
• The Ottawa leader Pontiac attacked the British
  in the Ohio River Valley.
• British retaliated by infecting the Native
  Americans with small-pox
• To avoid further conflicts, the Proclamation of
  1763 was passed
• Banned all settlement west of the Appalachians
  for colonists. However, it could not enforce the
  ban and colonists continued to move west