Lipids

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Lipids

• The Good, the Bad and the Truly Ugly!

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Lipids
Insoluble in water. (hydrophobic) Highly soluble
in non-polar solvents.
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Lipids

• Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen atoms
• Ratio of Hydrogen to oxygen atoms is much greater
  than 21
• Remember C-H bonds store energy
• So what has more energy? Carbs or Fats

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FATS!
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Lipids

• Two types of monomers
• Glycerol (1) 3-carbon sugar
• Backbone of lipid
• Functional Group
• Hydroxyl group (3)

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Fatty Acids

• Long-chain carboxylic acids (3)
• Insoluble in water
• Typically 12-18 carbon atoms (even number)
• Some contain double bonds
• corn oil contains 86 unsaturated fatty
  acids and 14 saturated fatty acids

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Fatty Acids

• Functional Group Carboxyl group

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Formation of a Lipid

• Dehydration Synthesis (3 H2O)

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Lipid Breakdown

• Hydrolysis

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Types of Lipids

• Lipids with fatty acids
• Waxes
• Fats and oils (trigycerides)
• Phospholipids
• Lipids without fatty acids
• Steroids

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Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids

• Saturated CC bonds
• Unsaturated one or more CC bonds

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Properties of SaturatedFatty Acids (lipids)

• Contain only single CC bonds
• High melting points
• Solids at room temperature
• Animal fats (bacon grease,
• butter)

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Properties of UnsaturatedFatty Acids

• Contain one or more double CC bonds
• Nonlinear chains do not allow molecules to pack
  closely
• Few interactions between chains
• Low melting points
• Liquids at room temperature
• Plant Fats (peanut oil, corn oil)

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Hydrogenated fats

• hydrogenation leads to either saturated fats and
  or trans fatty acids
• the purpose of hydrogenation is to make the
  oil/fat more stable to oxygen and Temperature
  variation (increase shelf life)
• example of hydrogenated fats
• Crisco, margarine

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Importance of Lipids (uses)

• Protection and cushioning
• Eye sockets, heart valves, internal organs, fatty
  apron
• Insulation (temperature regulation)

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Importance of Lipids (uses)

• Long term energy storage

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Another view.
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Importance of Lipids (uses)

• Major Component of cell membranes

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Not All Lipids Are Bad

• Vitamin D
• Cholesterol
• Steroids
• Hormones

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The Good!
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The Bad!
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The Truly Awful!
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The Ugly
The Consequences of Poor Choices!