Anxiety Disorders

1
Anxiety Disorders
2
Anxiety Disorders

• Characterized by generalized apprehension, worry,
  and a variety of physical symptoms
• Generalized Anxiety Disorder
• Phobias
• Panic Disorder
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
• Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

3

• Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) 6.8 million,
  3.1
• Women are twice as likely to be affected than
  men.
• Very likely to be comorbid with other disorders.

4
Generalized Anxiety Disorder

• Experiencing a continuous, generalized feeling of
  anxiety (reaction to vague or imagined dangers)
  6 months or more
• Anxiety in many different areas of life
• Accompanied by physical symptoms
• muscle tension, trouble sleeping, irritability,
  lack of concentration, headaches, fatigue,
  inability to relax, twitching/trembling, etc.

5

• Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)15 million, 6.8
• It is equally common among men and women.

6
(No Transcript)
7

• Specific Phobias19 million, 8.7
• Women are twice as likely to be affected as men.

8
Phobias

• Specific Phobia
• Severe anxiety is focused on a specific object or
  situation
• Examples
• Enclosed spaces
• Snakes
• Spiders
• Heights
• Flying

• Social Phobia
• Fear of embarrassing oneself in a social
  situation
• Speaking, eating, using bathroom in public
• Agoraphobia
• fear of the marketplace
• Associated with panic disorder

9
PHOBIAS

• Common and uncommon phobias

10
PHOBIAS Treatment
Exposure Treatment Flooding Counter-Conditioning
Systematic Desensitization
(1)
training the patient to physically relax
(2) establishing
an anxiety hierarchy of the stimuli
(3) counter-conditioning relaxation responding
to ea. feared stimulus Biofeedback Modeling
11

• Panic Disorder6 million, 2.7
• Women are twice as likely to be affected than
  men.
• Very high comorbidity rate with major depression.

12
Panic Disorder

• Frequent Panic Attacks or fear of them
• Sudden and unexplainable attacks of
• intense fear
• Come on with/without warning
• Not associated with a stimulus
• Individual fears that he/she is about to die
• Physical symptomschoking, tightness in chest,
  difficulty breathing, nausea, dizziness
• Commonly occurs with Agoraphobia

13

• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)2.2 million,
  1.0
• Equally common among men and women.
• One-third of affected adults first experienced
  symptoms in childhood.
• OCD costs the U.S. 6 of the total 148 billion
  mental health bill.

14
(No Transcript)
15
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

• OBSESSIONS
• Intrusive and uncontrollable thoughts
• Contamination, safety, etc.
• COMPULSIONS
• Ritualistic and purposeless actions
• Cleaning, washing, checking, etc.

• O and C are usually related compulsions help to
  decrease the anxiety caused by the obsession
• This pattern begins to interfere with functioning

16
OCD
17

• Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)7.7 million,
  3.5
• Women are more likely to be affected than men.
• Rape is the most likely trigger of PTSD, 65 of
  men and 45.9 of women who are raped will develop
  the disorder.
• Childhood sexual abuse is a strong predictor of
  lifetime likelihood for developing PTSD.

18
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

• Common among veterans of combat, survivors of
  accidents and disasters, victims of crimes, etc.
• Feel long-lasting after-effects of trauma
• Flashbacks, nightmares, insomnia, mood symptoms,
  stimulus generalization
• Symptoms last more than 1 month up to years later