Urinary System

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Urinary System

• ANP 128

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• OBJECTIVES
• 1. What is the main function of the kidneys?
• 2. How is the production of urine achieved?
• 3. How are urine and blood related?
• 4. How is urine production regulated?
• 5. What are some problems that can arise if the
  kidneys malfunction?

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Gross Anatomy of the Kidney

• Location
• Retroperitoneal
• Bladder
• Smooth muscle
• Stretch receptors

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Functions

• Functions
• Receives 25 of Cardiac Output
• Major Roles
• 1. removes urea from blood
• 2. removes water and inorganic salts from blood
• 3. regulates blood acid/base by varying pH of
  urine
• 4. production of urine

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Functions

• Three Basic Processes
• 1. Filtration
• 2. Reabsorption
• 3. Secretion

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Excretory systems
Water and Solutes
Non-selective
Selective
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Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney

• Nephron functional unit
• Glomerulus
• Renal Tubule
• Proximal tubules
• Loop of Henle
• Distal Tubule
• Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA)
• Collecting duct
• Formation of Urine
• Glomerular
• Proximal Tubule main reabsorption area
• Descending loop of Henle Low Na and Cl-
  permeability very permeable to water
• Loop maybe some active transport of Na
• Ascending loop low water permeability Na and
  Cl- diffuse
• Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA) monitor salt in
  tubule lumen
• Distal Tubule secrete H to get out of body
• Collecting Duct removes water ADH H secreted

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Glomerulus
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Circulation to nephrons

• Afferent arteriole
• Efferent arteriole

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Hormones

• Aldosterone ? distal tubule
• ADH ? water reabsorb in collecting duct - may
  create pores for entry
• Renin-angiotensin ? juxtaglomerular apparatus
• ANP - secreted from atria of heart

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Hemodialysis

• kidney no longer functions to regulate pH and N
  wastes
• Dialysis
• Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

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Coffee anyone?