Chapter 5: Nomenclature

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Chapter 5 Nomenclature
Chemistry 1020 Interpretive chemistry Andy
Aspaas, Instructor
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Binary ionic compounds

• Ionic compound combination of metal cation and
  nonmetal anion
• Main-group metals in groups 1, 2, and 3
• Form cations, charge can be predicted by group
  number
• Metal cations have the same name as the element
• Nonmetal take root of element name and add -ide
• Charge predicted by taking 8 - group number
• In naming compounds, cation is named first and
  anion second

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Ionic compounds with transition metal cations

• Transition metals can produce ions with varying
  charges
• When naming these compounds, you must indicate
  the charge of the cation in roman numerals after
  the cation name
• Ex. PbCl2 must have Pb2 cations
• Name lead(II) chloride

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Compounds containing only nonmetals

• Binary compounds with only nonmetals are one type
  of molecules
• The first element given in the formula is named
  first, with its full name
• The second element is named as if it were an
  anion
• Use Greek prefixes to denote subscripts
• 1mono, 2di, 3tri, 4tetra, 5penta, 6hexa,
  7hepta, 8octa

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Polyatomic ions

• Polyatomic ion a molecule (composed of 2 or more
  atoms) that carries a charge
• Oxyanion one atom of a given element, bonded to
  different numbers of oxygen atoms.
• If there are 2 different oxyanions for a given
  element, use suffixes to differentiate their name
• ite for ion with fewer oxygens
• ate for ion with greater number of oxygens

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Polyatomic ions
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Polyatomic ions

• Use prefixes if more than one oxyanion for an
  element
• ClO hypochlorite
• ClO2 chlorite
• ClO3 chlorate
• ClO4 perchlorate
• Oxyanions for a given element have the same
  charge, but added hydrogens decrease the charge
• CO32 carbonate
• HCO3 hydrogen carbonate, or bicarbonate

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Nomenclature of compounds with polyatomic ions

• Type 1 Cation has known charge
• Use cation name and anion name
• Ex. Na2CO3, KH2PO4, NH4ClO3, Al2(SO3)3
• Type 2 Cation has several possible charges
• Use cation name and roman numeral for cation
  charge, then anion name
• Ex. CuSO4, Fe(CN)3, Ti(CrO4)2, Ag2SO3

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Nomenclature of acids

• Acid compound with one or more H ions attached
  to an anion
• Acids which do not contain oxygen
• Name hydro ______ic acid (with element root in
  the blank)
• HF, HCl, HBr, H2S
• Acids which contain oxygen
• Use oxyanion name, but change suffix
• ite becomes ous
• ate becomes ic
• H2SO4, H2SO3, HNO2, H3PO4