Perception and Representation

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Perception and Representation
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Perception and Representation
Perception is the process of attaining awareness
or understanding of sensory information.
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Perception Theories
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Thematic Apperception Test
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Rorschach Ink Blot test
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Ponzo illusion Muller-Lyer illusion
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Ponzo illusion
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Judd illusion
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Ponzo circles distance cues
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Gestalt Psychology
Gestalt psychology is a theory of mind and brain
that proposes that the operational principle of
the brain is holistic, parallel, and analogue,
with self-organizing tendencies or, that the
whole is different than the sum of its parts.
The Gestalt effect refers to the form-forming
capability of our senses, particularly with
respect to the visual recognition of figures and
whole forms instead of just a collection of
simple lines and curves.
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Gestalt Laws of Perception
Proximity We tend to group nearby objects.
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Gestalt Laws of Perception
Good Continuation We tend to assign objects to
an entity that is defined by smooth lines or
curves.
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Gestalt Laws of Perception
Similarity We tend to group objects with
similar properties (color, shape, texture).
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Gestalt Laws of Perception
Closure We are so accustomed to seeing closure
that we sometimes close things that are not
actually closed.
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Multi-stability
.the tendency of ambiguous perceptual
experiences to pop back and forth unstably
between two or more alternative interpretations.
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Can you see what it is yet?
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Solomon Asch experiment (1958)A study of
conformity Social Pressure and
Perception Imagine yourself in the following
situation You sign up for a psychology
experiment, and on a specified date you and seven
others whom you think are also subjects arrive
and are seated at a table in a small room. You
don't know it at the time, but the others are
actually associates of the experimenter, and
their behavior has been carefully scripted. You
are the only real subject. The experimenter
arrives and tells you that the study in which you
are about to participate concerns people's visual
judgments. She places two cards before you. The
card on the left contains one vertical line. The
card on the right displays three lines of varying
length.
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The experimenter asks all of you, one at a time,
to choose which of the three lines on the right
card matches the length of the line on the left
card. The task is repeated several times with
different cards. On some occasions the other
"subjects" unanimously choose the wrong line. It
is clear to you that they are wrong, but they
have all given the same answer. What would you
do? Would you go along with the majority opinion,
or would you "stick to your guns" and trust your
own eyes?
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