EEA 2004

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EEA 2004
ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT
Presented by Olivier LANGLOIS Etienne
FOCH Xavier ROBOAM Hubert PIQUET

• From the More Electric Aircraft to the All
  Electric Aircraft
• State of the Art Prospective

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Plan

• Introduction
• 1. Hydraulically Powered Aircraft
• 2. More Electric Aircraft
• 3. Towards All Electric Aircraft
• 4. Example of DC Network
• Conclusion

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• Introduction

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Current project POWERNET
Electricity involve a lot of changes

• Powernet is a RTC about electrical power
• LEEI (Toulouse)
• 3 topics are studied
• Power management
• Methods of network conception
• High voltage DC network

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Airbus has the most modern aircraft Family
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• 1. Hydraulically Powered Aircraft

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Users Engine off-takes needs for aircraft users
4 Power source types 3 Power networks on aircraft
Power rationalisation should be feasible
Example Power used on A330
Pneumatic power - Air conditioning -
Pressurisation - Ice Protection - Engine
start From some bars up to 20bars-1200kW
Electrical power - Avionics - Commercial -
Pumps - De-icing - Lights - ... 115VAC-230kVA
Mechanical power - Engine Fuel Pump - Engine Oil
Pump - Engine start 200kW (peak) 100kW (local)
Hydraulic power - Flight Controls - Landing
gear - Braking - Reverse - Doors 240kW-206bars
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General Overview of an aircraft electrical network
DC distribution 28VDC
AC distribution 115VAC
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A330 General Architecture (3H)
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• 2. More Electric Aircraft

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A380 Novelties

• Generator VFG (150 kVA) replace IDG (? 115
  kVA)
• Variable frequency (f 360800 Hz) replace
  Fixed frequency (400 Hz)
• Electrical actuators (EHA) replace Some
  hydraulic actuators
• Electrical RAT replace Hydraulic RAT
• AC-DC Converter BCRU (300 A) replace TRU
  (200 A)
• Electronic circuit breakers (up to 15
  A) replace Thermal circuit breakers

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A330 A380 General Architecture (2H2E)
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AC Main Generation
On A380, IDG has been replaced by a Variable
Frequency Generator (VFG) which is conventional
wound rotor synchronous alternator The frequency
range is 360-760Hz
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Users Exemple of electrical flight control
Electro-hydraulic servocontrol
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Electrically Powered Actuators

• EHA supplied by AC power

? Higher local weight but lower global weight
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Electrically Powered Actuators (contd)

• EHA Bond Graph
• Multi-domain representation
• Good visualization of power transfers

Aerodynamic effort
DC power supply
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AC DC Converters

• BCRU is used to provide 28 V DC and to charge
  battery
• Batteries are permanently connected to the DC
  network

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• 3. Towards All Electric Aircraft

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Next step Main Generation for more needs
Power rationalisation is rather oriented towards
more electrical systems Commercial need is also a
factor of power demand increase

• Next aircraft generation shows
• a strong break in power demand versus current
  certified ones
• Thus more electric aircraft needs induced High
  probability of voltage change either 230 V AC or
  HVDC
• Probability of standard change
• A new standard change will impact airlines,
  industry and technology

7E7
A380
Current aircraft
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Bleed Removal

• Current configuration

Elec
Gen
Electrical loads
APU
Air
Bleed
Engine start
Bleed
Air
Air systems
Engine
Elec
Gen
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Bleed Removal (contd)

• Without bleed air configuration

Elec
Gen
Electrical loads
APU
Air
Bleed
Engine start
Bleed
Air
Air systems
Engine
Elec
Gen
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POA An Innovative Integrated Generation
Power Optimised Aircraft Energy
optimisation Voltage 350 V DC
Goodrich 150 kW Fan-Shaft Generator Switched
reluctance
HP Starter/Generator Permanent magnet Thales
AES 150 kW
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Next steps More versatile users
Electronics converter are largely used even for
huge loads

• The number of power electronic users increases
  drastically on Airbus
• Power system specialists take more and more
  benefits of electronics technologies for their
  advanced system architectures
• Very huge loads are expected for other programs
  around 100 kW
• More than 100 motors (gt1 kVA) for technical
  loads on A380

10 motors are fitted with a power electronics on
A3456 70 for A380 Other technical loads (eg
light, heating, ) and commercial loads used
power electronics as well
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Other Electrical Systems

• Great loads use power electronics
• Electrical actuators (for flight controls)
• EHA, EBHA
• EMA
• Fan, compressor, pump
• Example Electrical Flaps, more electrical
  architecture

Motor
Motor
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• 4. Example of DC Network

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Emergency Generation
An emergency source (called RAT) powered by the
air flow The RAT drives a hydraulic pump which
supplies a small electrical generator (less than
10kVA) On A380, the RAT drives an electrical
alternator In the future, other sources are
possible fuel cells, super-capacitors
AIR FLOW
RAT
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Emergency Network

• Use of 2 different sources
• RAT as an energy source
• Storage element as a power source

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Energy Recovery

• EHA normally supplied by AC network
• Storage element on the DC bus

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Main Network in DC

• Most of systems own power electronics
• Stability trouble
• New network architectures

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• Conclusion

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Open discussions

• The more electric aircraft is a general trend
• There is more and more power electronics
• Should aircraft manufacturer switch to HVDC?
• What are the best auxiliary sources to replace
  APU, RAT?
• Which sizing methods could we use to make the
  right choice?

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