Management Models

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Management Models

• Dr Dorota Joanna Bourne

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Learning Objectives

• 1) Describe four main models in Management and
  Organisational Behaviour Classical, Human
  Relations, Systems and Contingency approaches.
• 2) Explain the way in which they emerged.
• 3) Identify potential advantages and
  disadvantages of each school of thought.
• 4) Describe implications of each model for
  management practice.

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Classical Approach to Management

• Scientific management
• The application of scientific methods to increase
  an individual workers productivity.
• Frederick W. Taylor
• Administrative management
• The use of management principles (planning,
  organizing, commanding, coordinating, and
  controlling) to efficiently structure and manage
  organizations.
• Henri Fayol
• Max Weber

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The Hawthorne Studies at Western Electric

• Originally intended as a study of the effects of
  environmental changes on productivity.
• The Hawthorne Effectthe tendency of people to
  behave differently (perform better) when they
  receive attention.

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The Hawthorne Studies Key Findings

• Economic incentives are less potent than
  generally believed in influencing individual
  output.
• Dealing with human problems is complicated and
  challenging.
• Leadership practices and work-group pressures
  strongly influence productivity, satisfaction and
  performance.
• Personal problems influence worker productivity.
• Effective communication is critical to success.
• Factors embedded in the social system influence
  behaviour.

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The Human Relations Movement

• Based on belief that managerial practices,
  morale, and productivity are strongly linked and
  that the proper working environment enhances
  worker capabilities.
• - Elton Mayo, Abraham Maslow

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The Systems Approach

• The whole is greater than the sum of the parts.
• The parts or subsystems are related to each other
  and to the whole.
• Emphasis on close relationship between the
  organization and its supporting environment.
• Examines predicted patterns of effectiveness.
• - Chester Barnard The Functions of the
  Executive.

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The Contingency Approach

• Emphasises that there is no one best way to
  manage people.
• Different situations require managers to make
  decisions about managerial methods and
  approaches.
• Knowledge of organisation theory and management
  is essential before deciding a course of action.
• - Burns and Stalkers study

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The Main Models of Management
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Earnest Sewn

• Identify what model of management dominates
  Earnest Sewns way of running business
• Classical Management?
• Human Relations?
• Systems Approach?
• Contingency Approach?