Coasts

1
Coasts

• Shore

2
Classifying Coasts

• Primary Coast
• Secondary Coast

3
Primary Coast

• Land Erosion Coasts
• Fjords
• Coasts Built by Land Processes
• Deltas
• River dominated
• Tide dominated
• Wave dominated
• Drumlins and Moraines
• Volcanic Coasts
• Coasts Shaped by Earth Movements

4
Secondary Coasts

• Dissolution
• High Energy Coasts
• Low Energy Coasts

5
Features of Secondary Coasts

• Sea Cliffs
• Sea Caves
• Wave Cut Platform

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• Shore straightening
• Accumulation of beaches
• Long-shore Drift
• Long-shore current

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Beach

• Composition and Slope of Beaches
• Swash
• backwash
• Beach Shape
• Berm
• Berm crest
• Backshore
• Foreshore
• Beach scrap
• Longshore trough
• Longshore bars

8

• Minor Beach Features
• Rip Currents
• Coastal cells

9
Large Scale Features of Secondary Coasts

• Sand Spits
• Bay mouth Bar
• Barrier Islands
• Lagoon
• Sea islands
• Tombolo

10
Coasts Formed By Biological Activity

• Coral Reefs
• Fringing Reefs
• Barrier Reefs
• Atolls

11

• Mangroves Coasts
• Estuaries

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Classification Of Estuaries

• Drowned river mouths
• Fjords
• Bar-Built
• Tectonic

13
Characteristics of Estuaries

• Salt wedge estuaries
• Well-mixed estuaries
• Partially mixed estuaries
• Fjords estuaries
• Reverse estuaries

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• The Value of Estuaries
• Lagoons and wetlands
• Wetland
• Slough
• Salt marsh
• swamp

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Characteristics of US Coasts

• The Pacific Coast
• The Atlantic Coast
• The Gulf Coast

16
Human Interference in Coastal Processes

• Breakwater
• Groins
• Sea wall
• Importing sand