Fundamentals of

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• Fundamentals of
• Naval Science

Ship Characteristics
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Objectives
1. Be familiar with basic ship structure
definitions. 2. Understand shipboard
compartmentation and watertight
integrity. 3. Demonstrate an understanding of
the different material conditions of
readiness.
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Objectives
4. Demonstrate an understanding of shipboard
compartmentation and deck numbering. 5. Be
familiar with hull reference terms.
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Ship Structure Definitions
Hull - The main body of the ship. Shell Plating -
The sides of the hull. Main Deck - Uppermost deck
running continuously from bow to
stern. Bilge - Intersection of side plating and
bottom plating. Keel - Backbone of the
ship.
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Ship Structure Definitions (contd)
Frames - Fastened to the keel, running
athwartships. Support the skin
and divide ship into vertical rows
of compartments. Decks - Floors aboard ship.
Divide ship into horizontal rows of
of compartments. Levels - Similar to
decks, located above the main deck.
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Ship Structure Definitions (contd)
Weatherdecks - The portion of the main deck
and the upper levels exposed to the
weather. Bulkheads - Walls aboard ship.
Overheads - Ceilings aboard ship. Compartments
- Rooms aboard ship. Bounded by
overheads, bulkheads and decks.
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Shipboard Compartmenationand Watertight Integrity
A ship is divided into many watertight
compartments in order to maximize damage control
readiness.
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Material Conditions of Readiness
X-ray - Least protective condition. Only X
fittings are secured. Yoke - Moderate
protection. X and Y fittings
secured. Set at sea and inport at night. Zebra -
Highest degree of readiness. All X, Y,
and Z fittings are secured. Set during
General Quarters.
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Material Conditions of Readiness (contd)
Circle X-ray, Circle Yoke, Circle Zebra These
fittings may be opened for short periods of time
while that condition is set, but must be closed
when not in use. Dog Zebra - Fittings secured
during condition Zebra, also secured
during darken ship condition.
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Material Conditions of Readiness (contd)
William - Applies to fittings normally kept
open. Used for maintenance and system
isolation. Circle William - Normally kept open,
secured for protection against
Chemical, Biological, and Radiological
(CBR) attack.
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Compartment and Deck Numbering
Every compartment aboard a ship is given an
identifying alphanumeric symbol which is marked
on a label plate on or near the entrance. For
example
1 - 123 - 1 - L
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Compartment and Deck Numbering (contd)
Deck number The first component of the
compartment number indicates the deck.
The main deck is numbered 1, with decks
below numbered 2, 3, 4, 5 Decks above the
main deck are called levels and are
numbered 01, 02, 03 as they go up.
1 - 123 - 1 - L
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Compartment and Deck Numbering (contd)
Frame number The second part of the
compartment number indicates forward and
aft location by using the forwardmost
frame of the compartment as a reference.
1 - 123 - 1 - L
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Compartment and Deck Numbering (contd)
Relation to the centerline The third part of
the compartment number. Zero (0)
indicates a compartment on the centerline
of the ship, with compartments to port
labeled with even numbers, and odd numbers
identifying compartments to starboard.

1 - 123 - 1 - L
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Compartment and Deck Numbering (contd)
Description of the compartment Indicates the
use of the compartment. E - engineering
C - ship control (bridge,CIC) L - living spaces
M - ammunition spaces Q - spaces not otherwise
designated V - voids
1 - 213 - 1 - L
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Hull Reference Terms
Ballast - Weight added to lower part of ship to
help keep her in balance. Either
permanent or controllable (ballast
tanks). Bilge keel - Long narrow fins fitted to
both sides of hull to minimize
rolling. Bulwarks - Vertical extensions above the
deck edge. High enough to keep sailors
and equipment from going overboard.
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Hull Reference Terms (contd)
Draft - Vertical distance from waterline to
keel. Indicates depth of water needed
for ship to float. Freeboard - Vertical
distance from waterline to main
deck. Lifelines - Light wire ropes supported by
stanchions. Serve the same purpose as
bulwarks.
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Hull Reference Terms (contd)
Propeller guards- Steel braces protruding from
the hull directly above the propellers.
protect props from striking pier, dock
or other ship. Stem - The point of the hull
and the bow. Stern - The area on the aft end of
the ship where both sides meet.
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Hull Reference Terms (contd)
Trim- The relationship between fore and aft
draft. In trim down by the bow or
down by the stern. List - The athwartships
balance of the ship.
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Review Questions
1. What is the difference between a deck and
a level? 2. What is the number of the main
deck? 3. When is material condition Yoke set
throughout the ship? 4. Besides general
quarters, when is material condition Zebra
set throughout the ship? 5. What do Circle
William fittings protect against?
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Review Questions
6. What are Dog Zebra fittings designed to
do? 7. What is the difference between list and
trim? 8. If you were told, Ensign, go to
compartment 6-132-0-F to get a HT punch,
where would you go?