Settling on the Great plains

1
Settling on the Great plains

• Railroads Open the West
• 1850-1971, huge ____________ to railroads for
  laying track in the West
• 1860-s __________ Pacific goes east, _______
  Pacific goes west, meet in ___________.
• By 1880s _____ transcontinental railroads
  completed
• Railroads sell land to ___________, attract many
  ______________ immigrants

2
Settlers move Westward to Farm

• Government Support
• 1862 ______________ offers _____ acres free to
  any head of household
• 1862-1900 up to ____________ families settle
• ____________ - Southern African-American settlers
  in Kansas
• Railroad, state agents, speculators profit only
  ______ of land to families

3
The Closing of the Frontier (2 slides)

• 1872 Yellowstone National Park created to protect
  some ____________.
• 1890s, no ________________ left some regret
  loss of unique American feature
• Challenges on the Plains Dugouts and Soddies
• Few ________, so many settlers dig homes into
  sides of ravines or ________
• In plains, make soddy or _______________ by
  stacking blocks of _______

4
Womens Work

• Homesteaders virtually __________ must be self
  __________
• Women do __________work --- plowing, harvesting,
  shearing sheep
• Do ____________work- carding wool, making soap,
  canning vegetables
• Work for communities- sponsor schools, churches

5
Technical support for Farmers

• Mass market for ________________develops with
  migration to plains.
• _________________ of 1862, 1890 finances
  agricultural _____________.
• 1887 Hatch Act creates agricultural
  _____________________ stations
• Farmers in Debt
• Railroads, investors create __________ farms---
  huge, single-crop spreads
• 1885-1890 ___________ bankrupt single-crop
  operations
• Rising cost of shipping grain pushes farmers
  into ___________.

6
Section 3 Farmers and the Populist Movement
(Farmers unite Populist Movement Arises)

• Farmers buy more _______ to grow more crops to
  pay off debts.
• After Civil War, government takes _____________
  out of circulation
• Debtors have to pay loans in dollars worth
  _______ than those borrowed
• Prices of crops _________ dramatically
• 1870s debtors push government to put more money
  in __________
• 1878 Bland-allison Act--- money supply
  ___________ not enough for farmers.

7
Problems with the Railroads

• Lack of competition lets railroads
  _______________ to transport grain
• Farms mortgaged to buy supplies suppliers charge
  high ____________.

8
The Farmers Alliances

• 1867, Oliver Hudson ________ starts Patrons of
  Husbandry or _____________
• Purpose is educational, social by 1870s Grange
  fighting _____________
• Farmers ____________ - grops of farmers and
  sympathizers
• Lectures on interest rates, ______________
  control of railroads, banks
• Gain over 4 million members

9
The Populist Party Platform

• ___________ - movement of the people Populist
  party wants ______________
• Economic increase money _______, graduated
  income ______, federal loans
• Political Senate elected by ___________ secret
  ballot _____ hour day
• 1892, Populist candidates elected at different
  levels of government
• ___________ Party eventually adopts platform

10
The Panic of 1893

• ________ expand faster than markets some go
  ________
• Governments _______ supply depleated, leads to
  _____ on banks
• Businesses, banks _____________
• Panic becomes ______________

11
Silver or Gold

• Political divisions also regional
• Republicans ______________ business owners,
  bankers
• Democrats __________________ farmers, laborers
• Bimetallism--- system using both silver and gold
  to back _____________.
• ___________ -- backing currency with gold only
• Paper money considered worthless if cannot be
  exchanged for __________
• _________ bimetallism would create ________
  money, stimulate economy
• Gold bugs gold only would create more ________,
  if expensive currency

12
Bryan and the Cross of Gold

• 1896, Republicans commit to gold, select William
  ___________
• Democrats favor _______________, choose William
  Jennings _____________.
• ________________ endorse Bryan, choose own
  _______________ to maintain party identity.
• ___________ gets East, Industrial Midwest
  _______ South, farm Midwest
• ________ elected president _________
  collapses leaves legacy
• The powerless can __________, have political
  impact
• Agenda of ____________ enacted in 20th century