Research and Development for the International Linear Collider

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Research and Development for the International
Linear Collider

• presented by Marc Ross - for the ILC Project
  Managers

Marc Ross - (Fermilab), Nick Walker - (DESY),
Akira Yamamoto (KEK)
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ILC Background

• traced back to
• e/e- collider labs
• where the linear collider was born
• BINP, SLAC, KEK, Cornell, DESY,
• where cold SRF linac technology started
• Technology Reviewed (TRC)
• Recommendation made (ITRP)
• 1995, 2002 and 2004
• 0.5-1 TeV ILC ? Superconducting Linacs

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Look back 2004

• International Technology Recommendation Panel
  (ITRP) Report
• (released during LINAC 2004 Conference, Lubeck)

Basis of the ITRP decision basis of our progress
since then rests in large part on EU XFEL
project
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International Linear Collider R D

• OUTLINE
• Reference Design a global effort
• Critical R D for Accelerator systems (non SRF)
• Critical R D for Main Linac Technology
• Project Preparation
• Conclusion

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ILC Reference Design

• 3000 bunches each 3 nC e / e- 20 MW avg.

Beam Delivery and Interaction Region

• six subsystems

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ILC R D Global effort

• ILC Reference Design (RD)
• based on R D in support of TESLA, SBLC,
  JLC/NLC, VLEPP, CLIC
• RD Report authored by 325 institutions (including
  physics/detectors)
• EU-XFEL ? a large scale demonstration

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SRF Test Facilities
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(Non-SRF) Beam Test Facilities
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GDE ILC Timeline and Mission
GDE process
Reference Design Report (RDR)
Tech. Design Phase (TDP) 1
TDP 2
LHC physics
Ready for Project Submission
Prepare a design and a plan that is completely
ready to go - 2012. The request from the HEP
community is clear (Brian Foster). Since the
timeline is uncertain focus on R D for cost
and risk reduction develop ties within the
accelerator community to facilitate a global
project
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Resources

• Basis institutional and regional support for
  science ILC will provide.
• Also Support for science complements strong
  interest in emerging technologies
• ILC development effort utilizes
• ILC project preparation-specific funding
• support for design and cost/risk reduction
  studies for the TDR
• other project-specific funding (XFEL etc)
• generic RD
• support for the development of specific
  technologies
• combinations of the above
• beam test facility support

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In-Kind RD

• provides return for regions/institutions
  investing resources for technical development
• To ILC
• Beam Studies
• Infrastructure usage
• Engineering and Testing
• To contributing Institute / Region
• Technology transfer between partner ILC
  institutions
• Infrastructure development and qualification
• Community connection mechanisms

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The role of RD

• in support of a mature, low risk design
• take advantage the ongoing, increasing global
  investment in SRF and related technology
• the big impact of the ITRP decision
• Improve performance, reduce cost, challenge
  limitations, develop inter-regional ties, develop
  regional technical centers
• Both a project-based and a generic focus
• The ILC has
• A Baseline Design to be extended and used for
  comparison (RDR)
• But ready for deployment
• Research and Development activities on Alternates
  to the Baseline
• Engages the community ? venue for cost-saving /
  risk-reduction actvities
• Plug compatibility / modularity policy ?
  flexibility between the above
• The critical role of associated projects XFEL,
  Project X, SNS, JLab12, ERLs,
• Models of project implementation
• The transition from RD to a real project
• The link between Technical Phase RD and the
  project political process

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International Linear Collider R D

• Reference Design a global effort
• Critical R D for Accelerator systems (non SRF)
• Critical R D for Main Linac Technology
• Project Preparation
• Conclusion

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ILC Reference Design
Examples
Beam Delivery and Interaction Region

• Positron Source, Damping Ring, Beam Delivery

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Critical R D Accelerator Systems Positron
Source

• Positron Source Design
• Each ILC pulse high energy electrons pass through
  a helical undulator that generates 20 MeV gamma
  rays
• These gamma rays are directed on a high power
  rotating titanium target
• Generated positrons are collected through a very
  short focus, close proximity lens (OMD) and
  captured in a normal-conducting RF accelerator
• The positrons are injected into the positron
  damping ring to be used for collisions on the
  next machine pulse

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RDR Positron Source Layout

• R D Priorities
• Undulator (UK RAL, Cornell Mikailichenko)
• Target (KEK, BINP Logachev)
• Optical Matching Device (OMD)- replacement for
  Flux Concentrator
• Liquid Lithium Lens (KEK, BINP Logachev)
• Capture RF normal conducting accelerator
  (Paramonov INR, SLAC)

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Linear Collider Positron Source
lt Li Out
Li In gt
Lithium Lens with feeding cables. (Courtesy of
Yu. Shatunov, BINP)
Lithium Lens CAD model section view. (Courtesy of
Alexander Mikhailichenko, Cornell)
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BINP Positron System R D

• Liquid Lead target development for KEK-B
• (years of operational experience at BINP)
• Initial activity for SLAC - NLC
• Alternate to baseline rotating target (also
  tested at BINP)
• To be installed at KEK-B Linac 2009
• Boron Nitride window / brazing tests underway
• Used in liquid target
• Also applicable to Lithium Lens applications
• Liquid Lithium Lens
• factor 2 improved capture compared to pulsed
  electromagnet
• design study in 2009 support from BINP and KEK
• High pressure Li is main issue

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Positron source First Ever Full Length
Undulator Cryomodule
Ln2 precooling
Constructed by Rutherford Appleton Lab. First
cooldown of complete system early Sept 08.
Vac vessel closed
Vertical magnet tests successful design field
exceeded in both 1.75m undulators But, vacuum
leak when cold now being repaired should be
complete by Jan 09
KEK ATF Beam Test planning
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Critical R D Accelerator Systems Damping
Ring

• Damping Ring Design
• Two 6 km circumference 5GeV damping rings (e /
  e-)
• Each pulse inject 3000 bunches and damp to
  very low emittance in 200 ms
• Bunch spacing 6 ns
• Extract one by one with very fast pulse
  magnet kicker a bunch every 300 ns
• Component testing with beam at test facilities
• Cornell (CESR TA)
• Dafne (Frascati)
• ATF (KEK)

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Damping Rings Critical RD

• Electron cloud.
• Goal is to demonstrate effective mitigation
  methods.
• Studies are in progress at CesrTA, DA?NE, KEKB.
• Fast injection/extraction kickers.
• Goal is to demonstrate fast, high-power pulsers
  meeting ILC damping rings specifications.
• Studies are in progress at ATF, DA?NE, SLAC.
• Low-emittance tuning.
• Goal is to demonstrate reliable operation with 2
  pm vertical emittance.
• Typical beam size few microns
• Swiss Light Source has recently achieved 3 pm.
• Studies are in progress at ATF and CesrTA.

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Electron Cloud Studies in CesrTA

• Installation of wigglers in former location of
  CLEO (above).
• Retarding field analyzers in wiggler vacuum
  chambers, and first data (right).

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Fast Kicker RD

• The goal is to develop and demonstrate a
  high-reliability fast kicker that meets the ILC
  specifications for damping ring injection and
  extraction.
• RD program includes activities at SLAC, INFN/LNF
  and KEK. Drift Step Recovery Diodes ?
• Anatoly Krasnykh, SLAC and
• A. Kardo-Sysoev, Ioffe Institute of Physics (RAS)

Proposed for smaller 3 km circumference damping
rings
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Fast Injection/Extraction Kickers SLAC

• Researchers at SLAC are investigating two
  possible technologies MOSFET array, and DSRD
  fast switch.
• Both technologies provide attractive
  characteristics.
• A hybrid pulser may be the best solution.

1 ns / division
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Critical R D Accelerator Systems Beam
Delivery

• Beam Delivery (BDS) Design
• BDS delivers the beam from the high power linac
  to the users detector
• The BDS provides high power collimation and
  precision focusing of the beams
• There will be two detectors arranged to they can
  be exchanged using a push-pull mechanism
• Critical BDS components live within the
  detector
• BDS relies on precision instrumentation systems
  and optics correction algorithms
• Collimation of high density, high power beams is
  a key technology
• Beam testing is required ATF2 at KEK

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Beam Delivery System R D

• ATF2
• constructed, hardware mostly commissioned
• Next beam commissioning
• Developing long-terms plans for AFT2
• SC FD
• squeezed beta tests, etc
• IR integration (MDI)
• have a new version of IR Interface Document
• the document is focused on functional
  requirements
• MDI and DDI (Detector-Detector Interface)
• Also a lot of progress on detailed Detector and
  MDI design

Andrei Seryi, SLAC, BDS Group Leader
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Travelling focus
Travelling focus idea proposed by Vladimir
Balakin at the "Beam-Beam and Beam-Radiation
Interactions, High Intensity and Nonlinear
Effects", the 7th ICFA Workshop on Beam Dynamics,
UCLA, USA, 13-16 May 1991, and also at the Linear
Collider Workshop LC91, Protvino, 1991
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International Linear Collider R D

• Reference Design a global effort
• Critical R D for Accelerator systems (non SRF)
• Critical R D for Main Linac Technology
• Project Preparation
• Conclusion

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Critical R D Main Linac Technology

• Main Linac Design
• Each pulse a 3 MHz bunch train of e- and e is
  accelerated from 5 to 250 GeV using two 11 km
  linacs
• Each linac has 8000 9 cell superconducting
  standing wave RF cavities operating at 1.3 GHz
• Gradient 31.5 MV/m
• RF Power for each linac is provided through
  rectangular waveguide from 300 10 MW peak power
  multi-beam klystrons
• The main linac is a cost driver R D is
  underway to
• Improve gradient performance
• Produce and transport high power RF more
  efficiently
• Test components and systems in each region
• EU-XFEL (17 GeV) uses almost identical technology

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Superconducting Cavity RD

• Niobium Sheet metal cavity
• Fabrication
• Forming and welding (EBW)
• Surface Process
• Chemical etching and polishing
• Cleaning
• Inspection/Tests
• Optical Inspection (warm)
• Thermometry (cold)

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Combined Yield of Jlab and DESY Tests
23 tests, 11 cavities One Vendor
48 Tests, 19 cavities ACCEL, AES, Zanon, Ichiro,
Jlab
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Yield 45 at 35 MV/m being achieved by cavities
with a qualified vendor !!
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Klystron RF Power Source

• Russian Design team fabricated in Japan
• Most successful 10 MW multi-beam klystron ?
  BASELINE

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Cost Reduced RF Concepts
Basis 2 tunnels
Surface Klystron Cluster (SLAC KEK)
Both options aimed at single-tunnel solutions
Also Distributed RF Source Concept (KEK)
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Civil Engineering

• 30 of the estimated cost
• Three sample sites studied Japan, CERN,
  Illinois
• Quite similar configurations deep rock dual
  tunnel
• JINR suggested a 4th sample site near Dubna
• Studied 20 years ago
• This site has several contrasting features that
  provide a comparison basis
• Single tunnel with near surface building
• Soft tunneling material
• Siting process is political but it is useful to
  have studied and reported sample sites

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Deep Shallow Site Configurations
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International Linear Collider R D

• Reference Design a global effort
• Critical R D for Accelerator systems (non SRF)
• Critical R D for Main Linac Technology
• Project Preparation
• Collaboration with CERN
• Making the transition from broad-based R D to a
  practical Project
• Conclusion

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Collaboration with CLIC / CERN

• Formulated (Barish/Aymar) 11.2007
• Established in 02.2008 initially 5 working
  groups
• Exclusive strategy
• pick and choose efforts with strong commonality
  optimize use of resources
• startup philosophy choose tasks more likely to
  succeed
• Promoting communication / links between the two
  groups
• will facilitate discussion and consensus building
  between teams
• improving the credibility of both
• Common costing methodology / basis is a
  collaboration priority

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ILC R D Resources

• (summarized in R D Plan published 2008.06)
• 2007-2010 ? 4 years

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International Linear Collider R D

• Reference Design a global effort
• Critical R D for Accelerator systems (non SRF)
• Critical R D for Main Linac Technology
• Project Preparation
• Conclusion

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Conclusion

• ILC Global Design Effort has 3 goals
• Developing the community
• Doing R D
• Designing the ILC and preparing a practical
  Project
• Until end 2012
• ILC GDE is launching the first truly global
  large scale international science project
• Based roughly equally in each of three regions
  Americas, Europe and Asia
• We invite and strongly encourage your continued
  and increased participation!