History of Correction Institutions

1
History of Correction Institutions

• Early History

2
INCARCERATION

• Originally punishment was in the form of
  banishment, corporal punishment, execution,
  slavery, etc.
• Incarceration came much later in time

3
FEE SYSTEM

• Prisoners had to pay their own way.

4
AMERICAN JAIL

• James Town, Virginia
• 17th Century

5
WILLIAM PENN

• End of 17th Century, William Penn revised PAs
  criminal code.

6
QUAKERS CALLED FOR REFORM

• In 1790 Quakers called for reform of jails.
• They did this at the Walnut Street Jail in
  Philadelphia.

7
AUBURN SYSTEM

• Auburn System, Auburn, NY 1816
• Tier System
• Congregate System

8
THREE CLASSES OF PRISONERS

• Solitary confinement
• Those allowed to labor as recreation.
• Biggest group that worked and ate together during
  the days and were separate only at night.

9
PENNSYLVANIA SYSTEM 1818

• Inmates in solitary confinement almost all the
  time.
• Out only to exercise.
• Auburn System prevailed and some features are
  still in use today.

10
20th CENTURY REFORM

• Education
• Religion
• Meaningful work
• Self-governance
• Movies and radios

11
Education

• Belief that if the inmate is educated, he will
  have an easier time not being a recidivist
  because he will have the ability to be employed
  when released from prison.

12
Religion

• Belief that the reason the inmates are criminals
  is because they are not Christians.
• Therefore, the practice of Christianity was
  enforced in the prisons.
• Inmates were required to participate in church
  services and Bible studies so that their eternal
  souls could be saved.

13
Meaningful Work

• Belief that the inmates should work in prison to
  have self-worth.
• The work should be that which contributes to the
  prison society, not just beating rocks with
  sticks to make smaller rocks.

14
Self-Governance

• Belief that the inmate should learn to monitor
  and control his own behavior so that he will know
  how to do so when he returns to society.

15
Movies and Radio

• Movies were introduced into the prison system and
  used as a reward for inmates with positive and
  compliant behavior.
• Radio was also made available so that inmates
  could keep up with current events and musical
  trends, in addition to being entertained.

16
SINCE THE 60S

• Prisoners Rights Movement, 1960-1980s.
• Violence within the correctional system became a
  national concern.
• Reconsideration of the purpose of incarcerating
  people for committing crimes.