Digestive Notes

1

• Digestive Notes
• Describe the difference between Chemical
  digestion and Mechanical digestion.
• Chemical breaking down compounds
  chemically into their most basic molecules
• Mechanical breaking up food into smaller
  pieces
• Macromolecules such as Carbohydrates, Lipids, and
  Proteins are broken down into smaller components.
  What is the simplist component of each
  macromolecule
• Proteins amino acids
• Carbohydrates monosaccharides
• Lipids fatty acids

2

• Describe the following terms and
• Mastication Chewing (Mouth)
• Mixing waves muscular contractions of the
  stomach which churns food
• Peristalsis muscular contractions of smooth
  muscle in a tube. (esophagus, sm. Intestines)
• Haustral Churning peristalsis of the lg.
  intestine
• Deglutition swallowing
• (controlled by medulla and pons)

3

• Digestive Organs
• Mouth
• Lined with what
• Mucous Membrane
• What does saliva in the mouth do
• moisten food, aid in swallowing, solution for
  tasting
• What is the major enzyme secreted in the mouth
  and what does this enzymes role in digestion?
• Salivary Amylase carbohydrate breakdown
• What type of Mechanical digestion occurs in the
  mouth?
• Mastication
• What is a bolus
• chunk of food being swallowed

4

• Esophogus
• What type of chemical digestion occurs here
• None
• What type of mechanical digestion occurs here
• Peristalsis
• Stomach
• What is the stomachs role
• Stretchable storage and mixing chamber
• What type of muscle makes up the stomach
• smooth muscle

5

• What are Rugae
• folds in the inner lining of the stomach
• What enzymes and/or chemicals are secreted in the
  stomach and what are each responsible for
  digesting
• Pepsin and HCl protein digestion
• Gastric Lipase some fat digestion
• What makes the stomach tough against hydrochloric
  acid
• Alkaline mucous membrane
• What is chyme
• soupy food mixture in the stomach
• What type of mechanical digestion occurs here
• mixing waves
• What things are absorbed here into the blood
  stream
• some water, ions, some fatty acids, some
  drugs(aspirin and alcohol)

6

• Pancreas
• What 2 body systems does the pancrease belong to
• Endocrine and Digestive
• What enzymes are secreted by the pancrease and
  what do the digest
• Pancreatic Amylase carbohydrates
• Trypsin/Chymotrypsin/Elastase/Carboxypeptidase
• - Proteins
• Pancreatic Lipase Lipids (80)

7

• Liver
• What is the role of the gall bladder
• Secretes Bile Salts to emulsify fats
• In general, what is the role of the liver
• Detoxify blood
• What are gall stones
• Crystalized cholesterol

8

• Small Intestines
• In general, what mainly occurs in the small
  intestine
• most all absorption occurs here
• What are villi and microvilli and what is their
  importance
• folds in the wall of the intestine
• increases surface area for absorption
• What enzymes are found here and what do they
  digest
• Maltase/sucrase/lactase carbohydrate
• Enterokinase/peptidase proteins
• Lipases - lipids
• What type of mechanical digestion occurs here
• peristalsis

9
Large Intestine (Colon)
10

• Large Intestine (Colon)
• In general, what occurs here
• no digestion
• final absorption and mainly re-absorption of
  water (creates dry waste) ( feces )
• What enzymes are secreted here and what do they
  digest
• none
• What type of mechanical digestion occurs here
• haustral churning
• What are Haustra
• pouches in the Lg. Int.
• What is the role of bacteria in our large
  intestines
• Fermentation
• Creates hydrogen, CO2, methane gases
• Makes Vit. B and K

11
Digestive and Respiratory System DIGESTIVE
DISORDERS Cirrhosis distorted or scarred liver
as a result of chronic inflammation. Liver
cells are replaced with fibrous or adipose
tissue.
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Appendicitis inflammation of appendix due to
obstruction of lumen leading to an
infection.
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Diverticulitis sac-likeoutpouchings of the wall
of the colon in places where the muscularis has
become weak.
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Gallstones crystals of cholesterol in bile.
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Peptic Ulcers lesion in GI tract
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Hepatitis inflammation of liver caused by
virus, drugs, and chemicals
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Anorexia Nervosa chronic disorder characterized
by self induced weight loss.
Bulimia over-eating followed by self-induced
vomiting. Binge-purge