Theory X

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Theory X
and
Theory Y
Sergiovanni, T.J. (1993). Supervision A
redefinition. NY McGraw-Hill, Inc. pp. 15-16. As
found in Douglas McGregor, The Human Side of
Enterprise, New York McGraw-Hill, 1960, p. 132.
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Two conflicting ASSUMPTIONS leaders make about
worker motivation, behavior, and performance.
Average people are by nature indolent -- they
work as little as possible.
They lack ambition, dislike responsibility,
prefer to be led.
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They are inherently self-centered, indifferent to
organizational needs.
They are by nature resistant to change.
They are gullible, not very bright, ready dupes
of the charlatan and demagogue.
4
Management is responsible for organizing the
elements of productive enterprise -- money,
materials, equipment, people -- in the interest
of economic (educational) ends.
People are not by nature passive or resistant to
organizational needs. They have become so as a
result of experience in organizations.
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Management is responsible for organizing the
elements of productive enterprise -- money,
materials, equipment, people -- in the interest
of economic (educational) ends.
The essential task of management is to arrange
organizational conditions and methods of
operation so that people can achieve their own
goals best by directing their own efforts toward
organizational objectives.
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Assumptions
Attitudes
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Theory X
Theory Y