PIA 2501

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PIA 2501

• Development Policy and Management
• WEEK FIVE

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1983-2000 Special Focus

• Structural Adjustment with or without a Human
  Face

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End of development model assumption

• Orthodoxy Overseas capital investment
• Accepts Foreign or "Pariah" group ownership and
  control of trade and commerce
• A New Reality Local soft political institutions,
  weak private sectors

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Change the Neo-Orthodoxy

• The Realities To End of 1980s- Focus on
  anti-Marxist, growth regimes
• Korea, Taiwan, Brazil, Chile, South Africa
  (newly emerging States)
• Politics not important

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Neo-Orthodoxy

• No development management- development programs
  are bad
• Cant make planning better
• Neo-Orthodoxy and privatization

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To what extent is the state planning approach
possible?

• Bureaucratic, administrative and political
  constraints constitute a major limitation
• Development strategies often parallel but ignore
  political realities
• Looking for
• a Rule to Follow

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Neo-Orthodoxy View of Development Management

• Five year plans of over 1500 pages for a country
  of less than a million people
• Part of unfulfilled rhetoric of development
• National Planning to be replaced by local and
  regional planning (and Projects

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Failures of Development Planning

• A Problem The limits on political compromise and
  local level autonomy
• Failure of Development and the limits of the
  econometric model
• Failure of planning blamed on weak planning and
  administrative capacity
• Planning was a shopping list

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Counter-Orthodoxy Argument

• Bureaucracies are socio-economic actors
• Good example Land reform and bureaucracies
• A study of 25 major land reforms--in 15 cases the
  bureaucracy was major beneficiary in the process

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PICARD

• Unpaid Editorial

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The Problem (1) Bad Planning and Foreign Aid

• 1. Bureaucrats/practitioners ignored development
  theories ideas
• 2. LDC Development Institutes were largely
  irrelevant as training centers--donors used
  overseas training
• 3. International Organizations (IMF and World
  Bank) promoted Programs that were unworkable.

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The Foreign Aid Meeting
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The Problem (2)

• Development administration did little to deal
  with issues of population control, food
  production and rural development
• Foreign aid was little more than a front for
  foreign policy

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Anti-Planning Neo-Orthodoxy The Problem (3)

• Planning illustrates problem of soft-state and
  inability of state to impose its will on society-
  
• Planning Part of the Problem
• But the Problems are real

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• Land Reform
• and Womens
• Rights

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But.

• Donors Need Planning Skills (Still)
• National Program Support Office, Afghanistan
  (October, 2005)
• Project Management Unit (PMU)

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Autonomous Work Packaging Model
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• End of Editorial

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The Middle View

• The Moderate Interpretation of Development
  Administration Failures
• Goal Realistic Decision-Making based on
  sufficient knowledge (strategic planning
• Balance Public-Private Partnerships

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The Twenty-First Century Model
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The Problems of Development Management
Discussion

• Quote of the Week
• "The Human Condition being what it was, let them
  fight, let them love, let them murder, I would
  not be involved."
•  Graham Greene
• Is Strategic Planning (involvement) possible?

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Structural Adjustment Policies1985-2001

• Failure of the Developmental State Goran Hyden
• Linked to pre-scientific modes of
• production of peasantsEconomy of Affection
• Failure of State and Exit Option (See work of
  Albert O. Hirschman)
• Problem of Endemic Patronage and
• Corruption

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Structural Adjustment Policies1985-2001

• The Structural Adjustment Argument- Need to
• stabilize currency and markets (getting the
  prices right)
• Promote Free Trade
• Need to refocus role of state from development to
  law and order and deregulation
• Address the problem of Debt and Structural
  Adjustment reforms (IMF and World Bank)

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Structural Adjustment, Cont.

• Reduce the size of the public sector (infamous
  19 cut)
• Promote Privatization or NGOismNegative on the
  State
• Privatization (Rambo vs. Effete)
• Faith in Capitalist Entrepreneurialism
• Neo-Orthodoxy had a purist element

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Structural Adjustment Policies1985-2001

• The Argument for NGOism
• Left wing Privatization (Private Voluntary
  Organizations, Cooperatives, Community Based
  Organizations, Non-Profits)
• Energy of NGOs
• Structural Adjustment
• Public Sector ReformReduce size and restructure
  state
• Populist

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Summary Development Management in 2000

• Concern about incapacity Questions raised about
  efficacy of state approach
• Critics spoke of negative state
• Government had become a negative
• Debates focused on privatization, public sector
  reform and NGOism
• Need to address issues of external vs. internal
  solutions to development problems
• (domestic capacity vs. international
  redistribution)

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Summary Development Management in the 2000

• Focus should be on issues of sustainability and
  institutional development
• Need to search for a creative, flexible, and
  innovative management system
• Difficult to separate development from politics
• Implementation had become the neglected component
  of development policy (Pressman and Wildavsky)
• Question The appropriateness of the U.S. case
  study as lessons for development action

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Choices

• Contracting Out and Privatization
• NGOism and Grants
• Capacity Building (HRD)
• A Mixed Scanning Approach

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Books of the Week

• Khushwant Singh, Last Train to Pakistan
• Kurban Said, Ali and Nino

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The Authors

• Kushwant Singh

• Kurban Said

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Discussion Assessment of Development Policy

• Progress? (Joyce Cary)
• Is progress the answer?
• Violence? (Kushwant Singh)
• Is development the answer?

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From Mister Johnson
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Discussion

• Stanley Karnow In Our Image?
• Joyce Cary, The Two Faces of Progress
• Denis Goulet, The Cruel Choice

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Denis A. Goulet, 75, died December 26, 2006
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Late Colonial Philippines
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Discussion Stanley Karnow

• In Our Image (France, U.S., Portugal)
• Is assimilation the answer?
• In the Philippines, South East Asia, Middle East
  / Africa?
• Latin America Just Spain?

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• TEN MINUTE BREAK