The Heart

1
The Heart
YouTube - Heart Anatomy.webloc
2

• Label your heart diagram with septum, L R
  atria, L R ventricles, two atrioventricular
  valves, pulmonary valve and aorta valve.
• Add blue and red arrows to show flow of
  oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

3
Heart Check

1. Why do the ventricles have thick walls?
2. Why do the atria have thin walls?
3. Why is the left ventricle thicker than the right?
4. How do the valves prevent backflow when the
   ventricle contracts?

4
Circulation and blood vessels

• Veins
• towards
• heart
• Arteries
• away
• Label your diagram with the vena cava, pulmonary
  artery, pulmonary vein and aorta.

5
Circulation check

• Which 2 vessels carry blood to the heart?
• Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood to the
  lungs?
• Which vessel carries oxygenated blood back to the
  heart?
• Which vessel carries blood to the rest of the
  body?
• Arteries carry oxygenated blood and veins carry
  deoxygenated blood True or False? Explain.

6
The Cardiac Cycle

• 1 2 3
• 3 phases
• Atrial systole (contracts)
• Ventricular systole (contracts)
• Diastole (relaxes)

Concept II Practice- Rep129DBC
7
Pressure changes in heart

• 1. What are phases
• a, b and c called?
• 2. Describe what is
• happening in the heart
• at points 1 10 on
• the graph.

(c)
8
Cardiac Cycle check

• What are the 3 phases of the cardiac cycle
  called?
• Match them with phases 1,2 and 3 above.
• Match ABC with phases 1,2 and 3 of cycle.

Concept II Practice- Rep129DBC
9
Coordinating the heartbeat

• myogenic
• SAN (sinoatrial node)
• the pacemaker
• AVN (atrioventricular node)
• after slight delay
• Bundle of His
• contraction from base of heart

10
Coronary Heart Disease

• Coronary arteries provide
• heart muscle with blood
• carrying oxygen and
• glucose for respiration.
• If these arteries become
• blocked (atheroma)
• problems arise.
• e.g. myocardial infarction

11
Atheroma

• Fatty deposits build up
• under the endothelium of
• the artery when it becomes
• damaged.
• (damage can be caused by uneven
• blood flow, high blood pressure,
• chemicals or viral infection.)
• White blood cells collect
• under the endothelium and
• absorb fatty materials, e.g. LDLs ( contain
  cholesterol).

12
Atheroma

• Lumen reduced.

13
Thrombosis

• As a result of atheroma a lumpy area, called a
  plaque, forms on the artery wall.
• This can lead to a blood clot forming
  (thrombosis). Can completely block the lumen.

14
Aneurysm

• The artery wall can
• bulge in weakened areas.
• This is an aneurysm.
• It can burst.
• Aneurysms and
• thrombosis can form in other parts of body too.

15
Heart Attack
16

• Atheroma can reduce blood supply to the heart
  muscle.
• Angina is chest pain caused by exercise.

17
Myocardial Infarction

• Muscle can die
• (infarction).

18
Symptoms of Myocardial Infarction

• Severe pain in chest
• Sick, breathless
• Rapid but weak pulse
• The affected area of muscle will stop working and
  the heartbeat can be disrupted which leads to
  uncoordinated contractions fibrillation.
• No pulse detected as not enough force to pump
  blood into aorta.
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vY8m08y9BvJo
• Emergency defibrillation is necessary.
• 1/3 victims die within an hour need heart
  compressions and artificial respiration until
  defibrillater available.

19
CHD worldwide

• What are the risk factors?

20
Risk Factors

• Age and Sex
• Genetic factors ( e.g. cholesterol)
• Smoking
• High blood pressure
• High blood cholesterol high concentration of
  LDLs
• Diet high in saturated fats and/or salt